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1、国防科学技术大学 硕士学位论文 爆磁压缩磁频率发生器研究 姓名：赵波 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：物理电子学 指导教师：陈冬群 2010-11 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 i 页 摘 要 爆磁压缩磁频率发生器(EMGF)是一种利用爆磁压缩发生器(EMCG)装置直接 驱动电容负载的宽带辐射装置。通过炸药爆炸驱动电枢压缩磁场，将炸药能转化 成电磁能，并在回路中形成 LCR 振荡，再通过天线(或是自身螺线管)辐射出去。 EMGF 作为一种直接驱动器件，其体积小、重量轻、成本及运行费用较低, 据一些 文献报道，它能够产生宽带甚至超宽带的电磁辐射。本文从理论和实验两个方面 对直接馈电型和间接
2、馈电型 EMGF 进行了初步研究。 在理论上，分析了 EMGF 的等效电路模型，从原理上阐明了 EMGF 产生电流 振荡的过程。分析计算了 EMGF 运行过程中的各种损耗并说明在设计过程中应采 取的措施。对装置的电感、电阻等参数进行了计算，计算中将非欧姆损耗等效为 欧姆损耗。通过 PSpice 模拟软件对装置运行过程中的电路进行仿真，得到了馈电 电流、负载电流、负载电压等输出参数的模拟结果，结果与实验基本相符。 在实验上，根据前人经验和理论计算，设计加工了两种类型的 EMGF。改进 了实验条件和测量系统，特别是建立和完善了宽带辐射测量系统并成功应用于实 验，多次实验证明实验环境安全、延时控制准
3、确、充放电系统稳定、测量系统可 靠。设计和试验了几种 EMGF 装置，分为直接馈电和间接馈电两种，其中间接馈 电装置分别采用了 23 nF 和 10 pF 的电容负载， 直接馈电装置的电容负载为 10 pF。 所有装置的外直径约为 130 mm，长度约为 200 mm。 两种类型的 EMGF 都测量到了与相关文献中形状类似的波形，两种装置运行 时间约为 25 s，负载电流和辐射振荡时间约为 15 s。典型的间接馈电 EMGF 实 验中，储能电容器充电 2 kV，负载电流的最大值为 2.2 A，在距离装置 10 m 处得 到辐射场强最大值约为 598 V/m，辐射的振荡频率都 12.5 MHz
4、范围内。直接馈电 EMGF储能电容器充电3 kV,得到输出负载电流最大值约为0.8 A， 在距离装置10 m 处得到辐射场强最大值约为 209 V/m，辐射振荡频率在 12.5 MHz 范围之内。其峰 值电流和峰值辐射场强比间接馈电 EMGF 小。 两种 EMGF 器件性能稳定、可靠，重复性好，验证了 EMGF 能够产生“鱼形” 波形宽带电磁辐射，宽带辐射的频率范围和场强幅值同国内外的部分文献报道结 果基本一致，同时还发现了较大负载电容能够引起新的 EMGF 高频辐射机制。下 一步需要开展更多的理论和实验研究。 关键词：爆磁压缩发生器；磁频率发生器；宽带辐射 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论
5、文 第 ii 页 ABSTRACT Explosive magnetic generator of frequency (EMGF) is a kind of wideband radiation device in which explosive magnetic compression generator (EMCG) is used to drive a capacitive load directly. By means of exploding the explosive to drive the armature to compress the magnetic field, th
6、e energy of the explosive is transformed to electromagnetic energy, and LCR oscillation is formed in the circuit, and then radiated into the space by antenna or solenoid in itself. As a kind of directly drived device, EMGF is small, light and low cost, at the same time, wideband and ultra wideband f
7、requency radiations could be generated by EMGFs according to some references. Some basic theoretical and experimental researches are carried out on direct feeding and indirect feeding EMGFs, In theory，the equivalent circuit model of EMGF is applied to explain the physical process of EMGF generating
8、the current oscillations. All kinds of loss during the operation of EMGF are analysed and calculated and the measures to decreace these loss when desiging the devece are given. The parameters of the device such as inductance and the resistance of the EMGF are calculated. In calculation，the non-ohmic
9、 loss is equivalent to ohmic loss and shown as an equivalent resistance in the circuit The circuit during the running period is simulated by PSpice, and the feeding current, load current and the load voltage are obtained by simulations, and the results agree with the experimental results basically.
10、In experiment，two kinds of EMGF are made according to the experiences and the theoretical calculations. The experimental environment and the measuring system are improved， especially the measuring system of wideband radiation is built and improved, Every system is used in the experiments successfull
11、y，the experimental environment is proved safe，the time-controling system is precise, the initial source is stable and the measuring system is reliable. Several EMGFs are designed and tested in this paper, including direct and indirect feeding ones. For the indirect feeding apparatus, 23 nF and 10 pF
12、 capacitive loads are used respectively, and a 10 pF load is applied in the direct feeding apparatus. All these EMGFs have 130mm diameter and 200mm length. The experimental waveforms similar to the waveforms reported in other papers are detected in both of the two kinds of EMGF experiments. The oper
13、ation time of the two kinds of devices is 25 s, and the oscillation time of the load current and the spatial radiation is 15 s. In the typical indirect feeding EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 2 kV, and the maximum load current is 2.2 A, and the maximum electric f
14、ield of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 598 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. In the direct feeding 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 iii 页 EMGF experiment, the voltage of the charging capacitor is charged to 3 kV, and the maximum load current is 0.8 A, and t
15、he maximum electric field of the radiation detected 10 m away from the device is 209 V/m, and the frequency of the spatial radiation is within 12.5 MHz. The maximium load current and the radiation electric field of the direct feeding EMGF is less than these of the indirect feeding EMGF. The outputs
16、of the two kinds of EMGF are stable, and the fact that EMGFs can generate “fish” shape wideband electromagnetic waveforms is proved, wideband radiation frequency range and electric field are similar with the typical experimental results home and abroad. A new mechanism of generating wideband radiation by using a capacitor with high-capacity in EMGF is found. More theoretical and experimental researches are needed in the future. Key Words：Explosive
