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1、广西师范大学 硕士学位论文 孟郊与贞元诗坛 姓名：余慧敏 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：中国古代文学 指导教师：殷祝胜 20070401 I 孟郊与贞元诗坛孟郊与贞元诗坛 姓名：余慧敏 导师：殷祝胜副教授 专业：中国古代文学 研究方向：隋唐五代文学 年级：2004 摘摘 要要 本文以“孟郊与贞元诗坛”为选题，将孟郊置于贞元诗坛的大背景下展开研究，力图揭示 处在大历和元和诗坛之间的贞元诗坛的总体特征，探索孟郊在贞元年间的创作情况，了解其创 作特点与贞元诗坛风尚的同一性和变异性，对孟郊在贞元诗坛的成就和地位作出相对准确的描 述。本文分为四个部分来论述这一选题。 第一节，考察孟郊与贞元诗人群的关系。首先
2、，梳理贞元诗坛的诗人群状况。贞元诗人群 处在新旧交替的特殊阶段，主要由三部分构成：活动延及贞元年间的大历诗人；到元和诗坛才 获得盛名的新秀；以德宗、权德舆和孟郊为代表的贞元诗人。第二，论述孟郊与贞元诗人之间 的关系。孟郊对当时诗坛的盛名之辈表示倾慕，树立了尚雅正、重风骨的诗歌理想；在与人生 境遇相似的贫士交往中发出对命运的“不平之鸣” ；作为引领韩孟诗派的先锋，在与韩愈、张 籍等人的交往中切磋诗艺，促进了中唐诗坛上尚怪奇一派的形成和发展光大。 第二、三、四节，分别从孟郊诗歌的体制、内容和风格三个方面具体论述其在贞元诗坛的 独特地位。首先，从孟郊诗歌的体式选择上剖析其诗学观。孟郊专力于五言古体和
3、乐府诗，在 近体诗的创作势头高过古体诗的贞元诗坛上，这种自觉选择根植于其复古的诗学观。第二，在 孟郊与权德舆为首的文学集团的诗歌内容对比中显现出其独特性。以权德舆为代表的文学集团 在内容上多写台阁生活，诗歌创作游戏化，孟郊则将自身的道德理想、行为方式与社会现实、 不幸遭际的种种不可调和的矛盾吟唱在诗歌中，表现出强烈的“寒士精神” ：在内容上以日常 生活中的穷愁遭遇为主，在各种主题类型的诗中都有表现；在诗境上表现为对“有碍之境”的 刻意描画和追求。第三，在狂放疏荡的贞元诗风中，孟郊诗歌从风格上大致可以分为两类：一 部分基本上继承大历诗风，尤其是以皎然、韦应物为代表的江南诗坛的清雅诗风；另一部分是
4、 在贞元诗坛上异军突起、惊人耳目之作，有着尖新、鲜明、成熟、不与流俗相协的特点，苦吟 穷愁，愤世嫉俗。在贞元诗坛上，孟郊之“清奇”特色是继承和发展大历诗风的结果， “僻苦” 诗风则在贞元诗坛出现和成熟，并影响到元和诗坛。 最后，总结孟郊在贞元诗坛的创作成就和意义。他早年受到了大历诗人的影响，与诗僧皎 然也有交往，在与他们的唱酬往还中形成了自己“清奇”的诗风。在贞元诗坛上，他在残酷的 社会现实中碰壁，一腔愤懑发泄在诗歌中，发展成熟了自己的奇峭“僻苦”的风格，从而影响 了韩孟派的其他诗人，甚至波及晚唐诗坛。可以说，孟郊是沟通大历和元和的关键人物，在浑 厚之气渐漓、气骨顿衰的贞元诗坛风气中，他以“苦
5、吟”创作态度力矫大历诗歌之弊，也为元 和诗人的探索创新起了开风气之先的作用，因而体现了贞元诗坛的过渡性特征。 关键词关键词：孟郊 贞元诗坛 台阁诗风 寒士精神 荡 清奇僻苦 II Abstract Taking MengJiao and Zhenyuan Parnassus as the topic, this article aims at exposing the main features of Dali and Yuanhe Parnassus, to explore the creative situation, to understand its characteristics,
6、the commonalities and the variability of Zhenyuan Parnassus. Made an accurate description of MengJiaos achievements and its status in Zhenyuan Parnassus. This article will discuss this topic by extending itself into four main parts. For the first part, it is doing to explore the relationships of Men
7、gjiao and other Zhenyuan poets. Initially, clear out the situation of poets population. The Zhenyuan poets were in the special turning in which that the traditional ways of poem creation encouraged and new trend started to come out. And they mainly can be divided into three parts: Dali poets whose a
8、ctivities extended far to Zhenyuan time, the new talents who did not gaining reputations until entering to the time of Yuanhe, the Zhenyuan poets whose leaders were Dezong, QuanDeyu and MengJiao. Secondly, discuss the relationships between MengJiao and certain poet. At that time, MengJiao showed his
9、 strong respects and admirations for the famous old generations. And found his lofty sentiments, respectable and justice-oriented goals for poem. He cried for the unjust of life and fate when suffering and sharing the similar destiny with other poor talents. As the pioneer of leading HanMeng poem fa
10、ction, he improved himself through discussions with HanYu, ZhangJi, etc. And managed to help forming (materializing) and developing the new-odd poem faction at mid- Tang dynasty. From the second to forth part, discuss specifically MengJiaos unique status in Zhenyuan Parnassus. Having been influenced
11、 by the atmosphere of the weak sentiments and magnificent vigorous, he tried to corrected the disadvantages of Dali poems with the painful moaning creative attitude. And set up his own special poem status from content, formality and style. To begin with, MengJiao had made great efforts in five-word
12、anciet poem style and Yuefu poem style. For the second, formally, at the content, he showed great virtuous spirit in his poems. That mainly represented in several respects: for the first one, in artistic conception part, he emphasized and pursued the distress circumstances, his seeking for the virtu
13、ous spirit, was originated from the contradiction between his sufferings, moral behavior and social realities. Thirdly, Mengjiaos poems can be divided into two parts mainly: one generally inherited the Dali poem style, especially from the pure poem style that represented by JiaoRan and WeiYingwu. Th
14、e other part was his famous and reputable masterpiece of Zhenyuan poem circle. His poems features were outstanding, mature and unconventional, most of which were filled of resentments, oddness and unpleasant matters. His pure-odd style feature was the result of inheriting and developing. And the vir
15、tuous style then appeared and became mature during the Zhenyuan time. The tow styles then far influenced the Yuanhe Parnassus. At last, made conclude of MengJiaos creative achievements and significance. In his early years, MengJiao was strongly influenced by the Dali poets, and also once socialized
16、with famous poet and monk JiaoRan. He then gradually set up his own pure-odd poem style. In Zhenyuan Parnassus, he suffered a lot in the cruel social reality. And put all his dissatisfactions, detestation, distress into his poems, developed and matured his unique distress style. And continually influenced other poets of HangMeng faction, even extended to the late Tang dynasty. That is to say, MengJiao was an important person connecting Dali and Yuanhe, and
