《采收北虫草后的栽培废料的资源化研究》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《采收北虫草后的栽培废料的资源化研究（65页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、吉首大学 硕士学位论文 采收北虫草后的栽培废料的资源化研究 姓名：蔡其辉 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：生态学 指导教师：田宏现 20100601 摘 要 第 i 页 摘摘 要要 本论文较系统地研究了采收北虫草后的栽培废料的化学成分及其资源化问 题。采用质量法测定水分和灰分含量、凯氏定氮法测定粗蛋白含量、紫外吸收法 测定核苷酸含量、索氏抽提法测定粗脂肪含量、稀酸碱处理法测定粗纤维素含量、 苯酚-硫酸法测定虫草多糖含量、氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸含量、电感耦合等 离子直读光谱仪测定矿质元素含量、 邻苯三酚自氧化法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 的含量，利用正交试验设计对超临界 CO2萃取法提取栽培废料
2、中的微生物油脂的 工艺进行优化,并对其油脂成分进行 GC-MS 分析；采用 SYSTAT 统计软件、T 检验 分析方法对采收北虫草后的栽培废料作为饲料饲养黑羽绿壳蛋鸡进行研究；采用 正交试验方法对采收北虫草后的栽培废料饲养蝇蛆进行工艺优化研究。结果如下: 1 采收北虫草后的栽培废料每 100g 中含：水分 5.02g、可溶性无氮浸化合物 62.00g、粗蛋白 22.40g、粗脂肪 3.75g、粗纤维 5.23g、核苷酸 2.10 g、SOD 酶（鲜） 4.27g、 虫草多糖 6.71g、 灰分 1.60g、 苏氨酸 0.43g、 赖氨酸 0.68g 、 缬氨酸 0.52g、 蛋氨酸 0.08g
3、、异亮氨酸 0.22g、亮氨酸 0.69g、苯丙氨酸 0.26g、色氨酸 0.02g、丝 氨酸 0.40g、脯氨酸 0.15g、谷氨酸 1.20g、天门冬氨酸 0.80g、甘氨酸 0.46g、丙氨 酸 0.62g、胱氨酸 0.46g、酪氨酸 0.45g、组氨酸 0.09g、精氨酸 0.39g、K 0.80g、 Na 0.01g、Ca 0.30g、Mg 0.12g、P 0.35g、Fe 0.006g、Zn 0.003g、 Mn 0.002g、Cu 0.0001g、Se 0.000001g。 2 在蛋鸡的基础日粮添加 15%的采收北虫草后的栽培废料，其饲养效果为最 佳，与对照组相比，产蛋率提高 6
4、.4%，平均蛋重提高 4.02g，且料蛋比消耗最低。 3 超临界 CO2萃取法提取栽培废料中油脂的最佳工艺条件为：原料破碎度为 0.297mm，萃取压力为 35Mpa、温度为 35、流量为 25Kg/h、萃取时间为 120min。 油脂萃取率为 4.56%，油脂中含有油酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、花生酸等 14 种化合物，油脂中富含多种不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占总量的 90.29%,其中 亚油酸和油酸占 86.58%,棕榈油酸占 2.23%。 饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸、 二十四酸为主， 含量分别为 5.43%和 2.66%。还检出少量的十二酸、十四酸、十五烷酸、二十酸、 二十二碳酸等脂肪酸。 4
5、 在环境温度为 30、环境湿度为 60%、培养料含水量为 60%、培养料厚度 为 5cm 及接种量为 0.4g 的条件下，培育蝇蛆的产量为最佳，转化率达 30.36%。 研究结果表明：采收北虫草后的栽培废料含有丰富的营养成分及虫草多糖、 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等生物活性成分，可为作为禽、畜、鱼类饲料及食品、药品、 保健品的原料开发；对其进行资源化综合利用，可防止环境污染、保护生态环境， 变废为宝，提高资源利用率，转化为高附加值产品，实现经济的可持续发展，因 摘 要 第 ii 页 此具有重要的生态、经济、社会效益。 主题词：北虫草，栽培废料，资源化研究，黑羽绿壳蛋鸡，蝇蛆 ABSTRACT 第
6、 iii 页 ABSTRACT This paper systematically studied the chemical composition and the resources reuse of cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after harvest. The author used Quality for Measuring the moisture and the ash content, Kieldahl method for determination of protein content, Ultraviolet abso
7、rption spectrometry for nucleotide content, Soxhlet extract for crude fat content, Dilute alkali treatment method for determination of coarse cellulose, Phenol -sulfuric acid method for determination of Cordyceps polysaccharide, Automated amino acidanalysis instrument for amino acids content, using
8、Inductively coupled plasma direct reading spectrometer for content of mineral elements, Pyrogallol outoxidation method for the content of SOD, The author also used Orthogonal experiment to optimize the process that we used supercritical CO2 for extracting microbial oil from cultivated medium of Cord
9、yceps militaris and make the oils composition been analyzed by GC-MS; Did the research that how use the cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after the harvest as feed of farmed black feather Green shells by using SYSTAT statistical software, T-test analysis method; Used the orthogonal test metho
10、d for the research how to optimize the process that used cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after harvest. The results as follows： 1 The cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after harvest for each 100g: Moisture content 5.02g, Soluble without nitrogent 62g, Protein 22.40g, Fat 3.75g, Cellu
11、lose 5.23g, Nucleotide 2.10g, SOD (fresh) 4.27g, Cordyceps Polysaccharide 6.71g, Ash 1.60g, l-threonine 0.43g, Lysine 0.68g, Valine 0.52g, Methionine 0.08g, Isoleucine 0.22g, leucine 0.69g, Phenylalanine 0.26g, Tryptophan 0.02g, Serine 0.40g, Proline 0.15g, Glutamate 1.20g, Aspartic acid 0.80g, Glyc
12、ine 0.46g, Alanine 0.62g, Cystine 0.46g, Tyrosine 0.45g, Histidine 0.09g, Arginine 0.39g, K 0.80g, Na 0.01g, Mg 0.12g, Ca 0.30 g, P 0.35g, Fe 0.006g, Zn 0.003g, Mn 0.002g, Cu 0.0001g, Se 0.000001g. 2 When we added 15% the cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after harvest in the layers basal die
13、t, the breeding effect was the best. As compared with control group, the laying rate improved 6.4%, the average egg weight improved 4.02g, the feed/egg ratio was less. 3 The optimum technological conditions of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction method for oil extraction of the cultivated medium of C
14、ordyceps militaris after harvest was: Raw material fragmentation 0.297mm, pressure 35Mpa, temperature 35, flow rate 25kg/h, extraction time 120min. Oils extraction rate 4.56%. Oils contained 14 kinds of compounds: oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, arachic acid etc, also
15、 being rich in unsaturated fatty acid, with the amount of 90.29% , One linoleic acid of 86.58%,palmitoleic acid of 2.23% accounts. Most saturated fatty acid were hexadecanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, content of which were 5.43% and 2.66% ABSTRACT 第 iv 页 respectively. Besides, a small amounts of dod
16、ecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanic acid, arachidic acid, docosenic acid etc, were found. 4 In environmental temperature was 30, humidity was 60%, moisture content was 60% , thickness was 5cm, inoculum size was 0.4g , the cultivate maggots output was the highest, and the conversion percent was 30.36. The research results showed that the cultivated medium of Cordyceps militaris after harvest were rich in nutrition and Cordyceps polysacc
