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1、Appraisal: negotiating Appraisal: negotiating attitudesattitudes The language of emotion, ethics and aesthetics 1.J.R.Matin1.J.R.Matin 2.Definitions and basic structure 2.Definitions and basic structure 3.Details 3.Details a. Attitude a. Attitude b. Amplification b. Amplification c. Source c. Source
2、 Application to analysis of a poemApplication to analysis of a poem .Comment.Comment Prof. J. R. MartinProf. J. R. Martin LifeLife: J. R. Martin is Professor of Linguistics at the : J. R. Martin is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Sydney. His research interests include University of Syd
3、ney. His research interests include systemic theory, functional grammar, discourse systemic theory, functional grammar, discourse semantics, register, genre, multimodality and critical semantics, register, genre, multimodality and critical discourse analysis, focusing on English and discourse analys
4、is, focusing on English and TagalogTagalog - - with special reference to the with special reference to the transdisciplinarytransdisciplinary fields of fields of educational linguistics and social semiotics. Professor educational linguistics and social semiotics. Professor Martin was elected a fello
5、w the Australian Academy of Martin was elected a fellow the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1998, and awarded a Centenary the Humanities in 1998, and awarded a Centenary Medal for his services to Linguistics and Philology in Medal for his services to Linguistics and Philology in 2003. 2003.
6、Recent publicationsRecent publications Working with Discourse: meaning beyond the clauseWorking with Discourse: meaning beyond the clause (J (J R Martin and appreciation; 1. 1.Affect Affect : expressing our feelings : expressing our feelings People express their feelings in discourse in two general
7、People express their feelings in discourse in two general ways: ways: positive positive and and negative; directly negative; directly andand implied implied. Affect . Affect can be positive or negative and that it can be realized directly can be positive or negative and that it can be realized direc
8、tly or indirectly.or indirectly. 1) positive and negative; people can have good feelings and 1) positive and negative; people can have good feelings and bad feelings. for example, bad feelings. for example, satisfied, respect, wish; pain, satisfied, respect, wish; pain, bitterness, feared, etc.bitte
9、rness, feared, etc. We are We are ecstatic.ecstatic. They would become They would become restless.restless. AttitudesAttitudes 2)a.2)a.directlydirectly :emotions can described in different :emotions can described in different ways.ways. First ,speaker refers to a First ,speaker refers to a emotional
10、 stateemotional state, using , using words that name specific emotions: .for example :torn words that name specific emotions: .for example :torn to pieces, pain ,ecstatic, feared, worried, etc.to pieces, pain ,ecstatic, feared, worried, etc. Second is Second is physical expressionphysical expression
11、: speaker refers to : speaker refers to emotion physically, describing behavior that also emotion physically, describing behavior that also directly expresses emotion ;for example :withdrawn, directly expresses emotion ;for example :withdrawn, press his face into his hands, shake uncontrollably to p
12、ress his face into his hands, shake uncontrollably to express fear, etc.express fear, etc. AttitudesAttitudes b .b .implicit implicit : the speaker describes : the speaker describes unusual unusual behaviorbehavior to express feelings indirectly. For to express feelings indirectly. For example, exam
13、ple, drink too much ,wander from drink too much ,wander from window to window, just staring in front of him. window to window, just staring in front of him. metaphor is another way to metaphor is another way to express express feelings indirectly. For example, feelings indirectly. For example, ice c
14、old in a ice cold in a sweltering night ; eyes bewildered , but dull sweltering night ; eyes bewildered , but dull like the deadlike the dead. . Question: what about neutral?Question: what about neutral? AttitudesAttitudes PositivePositive We are We are ecstatic.ecstatic. We We celebrated.celebrated
15、. NegativeNegative I was I was torn to pieces.torn to pieces. I cant explain the I cant explain the pain and bitternesspain and bitterness in me in me Direct Direct Emotional stateEmotional state : : ecstatic ,ecstatic , wild consuming fearwild consuming fear Physical expressionPhysical expression :
16、 :press his face into his handspress his face into his hands, , shake uncontrollablyshake uncontrollably ImplicitImplicit unusual unusual behavior:wanderbehavior:wander from window to window from window to window metaphor :dull like the dead ;metaphor :dull like the dead ; Judging peoples characterJudging peoples character 2.
