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1、南京航空航天大学 硕士学位论文 基于显微光学系统的纤维图像采集与处理 姓名：郑敏 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：光学工程 指导教师：赵志敏 20090301 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 i 摘要 随着计算机技术和光电技术的飞速发展，数字图像检测技术得到了迅速发展和广泛应用， 它作为一种非接触检测手段已经越来越引起人们的重视。纤维直径光学显微图像法就是一种显 微技术与数字图像检测技术相结合的纤维直径测量方法。采用这种自动成像检测系统能克服人 工检测带来的不利因素，可提高纤维检测精度和效率。本文围绕纤维直径自动成像检测这一热 点开展研究工作，研究具有重要的学术意义。 本文设计并研究了基于显微光学系统
2、的纤维图像采集与处理系统与方法，主要研究内容和 创新点如下： 1. 探讨了反射光谱与荧光光谱的基本理论, 系统地研究了动植物纤维（羊毛与棉花纤维） 的光谱测试系统，测定了动植物纤维的荧光光谱及反射光谱，并分析了动植物纤维的特征反射 波段以及其他光谱特征。 2. 基于纤维的光谱特性，从纤维图像的光学成像角度入手，对纤维的显微成像系统进行了 优化设计。本文设计了新型的纤维显微图像采集系统，主要包括：部分光学系统设计、光源选 择、滤光器设计、图像采集方法的确定以及系统设计。实验表明，由本系统采集得到的纤维图 像具有对比度高、纤维边缘清晰以及边缘连续度好等特点，高质量的纤维图像能够有效地提高 显微图像
3、法测量纤维直径的精度。 3. 基于 VC+自行编制了系统可用的图像处理与测量软件。 软件的基本功能是图像预处理， 包括图像滤波、图像增强以及边缘检测等功能。本文依次介绍各种算法的基本原理，并详细研 究分析了数字图像的图像滤波和边缘检测方法，并将各方法的检测结果加以比较，确定较为合 理的图像预处理方法。软件的主要功能是纤维的直径测量，采用了先进的中心线迭代法测量纤 维直径，并给出了纤维段直径分布及平均直径。 系统采集图像的质量以及软件的直径测量，结果表明本系统的测量结果是令人满意的，本 文的设计方法在图像质量上以及算法的精度与快速性上都具有一定的优越性。本文研究为纤维 直径自动检测进一步应用，提
4、供了新的途径。 关键字：关键字：动植物纤维，显微光学，图像采集，图像处理，直径测量 基于显微光学系统的纤维图像采集与处理 ii ABSTRACT With the rapid development of the computer technology and photovoltaic technology, digital imaging detection technology has been developed rapidly and applied widely, which has caused more and more attention using as a non-cont
5、act detection method. Optical microscopic image is a fiber diameter measurement combining of microscopy technology and digital imaging detection technology. Through this automatic imaging detection system, the fibers detection accuracy and efficiency will be improved as well as the negative factors
6、causing by artificial detection will be overcome. In this paper, fiber image capturing and processing based on micro-optical system is studied, the main content of research and innovation are as follows: 1. The basic theory of reflection spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy is discussed, the s
7、pectral testing system of animal and plant fibre (wool and cotton fibre) is researched, the reflection spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy of fibre are measured, the characteristic reflection and other spectral feature are analyzed. 2. The micro-imaging system of fibre is designed according t
8、o the analysis results of spectral characteristic. In this paper, the fiber micro-image acquisition system is designed and ameliorated, which includes light source choosing, the manner of image acquisition, as well system design. Fiber image collected by this system posses the advantages of higher c
9、ontrast, more clear the edge and favorable edge sequence, which provide high-quality images for enhancing the measurement accuracy of the fiber diameter by using micro-image method. 3. Image processing and measuring software available for the system is designed based on VC+. The basic function of th
10、e software is image preprocessing, which includes image filtering, image enhancing and edge detecting. The basic principles of various algorithms are introduced and the image filtering and edge detecting methods of the digital image are detailed analyzed. Through comparing the result of each method,
11、 a more reasonable image pre-processing method is determined. The main function of the software is fibre diameter measuring, which adopts the advanced iteration centerline to measure fibre diameter, and results the fibre diameter distribution segment and the average diameter. The quality of image ca
12、ptured by the system and diameter measured by the software show that the measurement results of this system is satisfied. The design method has certain advantages on both accuracy and algorithm speed. The research of this paper provides a new way for the further application of automatic detection of
13、 fibre diameter. Key words：wool and cotton fibre，micro-optics，image capturing，image measurement，diameter measurement 基于显微光学系统的纤维图像采集与处理 vi 图表目录 图 2.1 反射光谱测试系统.9 图 2.2 棉花纤维反射光谱图.9 图 2.3 荧光光谱测试系统图.10 图 2.4 羊毛纤维的荧光光谱图.10 图 3.1 系统框图 .12 图 3.2 改进后反射式棉花纤维图像采集系统.13 图 3.3 改进系统采集棉花纤维图.14 图 3.4 普通系统采集棉花纤维图.14 图 3.5 显微荧光图像采集系统.14 图 3.6 羊毛纤维显微荧光图.
