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1、太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 可见光波段一维光子晶体及缺陷模的研究 姓名：张璐 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：韩培德 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 可见光波段一维光子晶体及缺陷模的研究 摘 要 1987年Yablonovitch和John分别提出了介电常数呈周期性分布的材料可 以改变在其中传播的光子的行为，并称这种材料为光子晶体（Photonic crystals） 。光子晶体具有控制光在其中的传播的性质，产生了许多崭新的物 理特性，可以用于制作全新概念或以前所不能制作的高性能光学器件。 光子能带结构是光子晶体的主要特征。具体表现为：一定频率范围的 电磁波，在光子晶体的特定方向上不
2、能传播。当沿着这个方向入射到光子 晶体时，光将全部反射，形成光子带隙。光子晶体的另一个主要特征是光 子局域，如果在光子晶体中引入某种程度的缺陷，光子晶体原有的对称性 被破坏，在光子晶体的禁带中就可能出现频率极窄的缺陷态，与缺陷态频 率对应的光子可以被局限在缺陷位置，而带隙中其它频率的光仍然被禁止。 虽然只有完整的光子晶体才具有完全带隙，但在实际应用中，人们更关注 具有缺陷的光子晶体，因为带隙具有限制电磁波的能力，而缺陷则有引导 电磁波的可能，这在光子系统中极具应用价值。因此对缺陷模进行研究， 如何有效地控制和利用缺陷模引起了人们的广泛关注。 光子晶体根据空间结构不同，可以划分为一维光子晶体、二
3、维光子晶 体和三维光子晶体。由于三维光子晶体结构复杂，理论研究和制作都比较 困难，相对而言，一维光子晶体在结构上最为简单，易于制备，也是人们 研究较多的一种结构。光子晶体有点缺陷、线缺陷和面缺陷，对于一维光 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 子晶体，通常在一维光子晶体中引入平面缺陷来产生缺陷模结构，这种结 构对于垂直腔面反射激光器以及窄带滤波和多通道滤波都有潜在的应用价 值。 本论文采用传输矩阵方法，对SiO2、CdSe为基元组成的一维光子晶体 在可见光波段的光学性质以及引入LiTaO3缺陷层对其带隙特性的影响进行 了理论分析。通过对含LiTaO3缺陷层光子晶体的带隙特性模拟分析，我们 发
4、现LiTaO3缺陷层的引入能够增宽带隙，并能使带隙中出现缺陷模，带隙 宽度和缺陷模的数目随着缺陷层数目的增加而增加；通过调整厚度、介电 常数等缺陷层参数，可以控制缺陷模的位置，获得特定区域的可见光波段 含缺陷多层膜结构，为实验制备含缺陷一维光子晶体提供了理论依据，也 为新型光学器件应用开发奠定了理论基础。 关键词：光子晶体，缺陷层，可见光波段，传输矩阵法 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III DOPED MODES OF ONE- DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WITH LITAO3 IN VISIBLE REGION ABSTRACT In 1987 Yablo
5、novitch and John respectively showed that the materials whose dielectric constants distribute periodically can change the acts of photons which spread in, and call these materials Photonic crystals. Photonic crystals have a lot of new physical properties. It can be used in the production of high- pe
6、rformance optical devices which have new concept or can t be produced previously. Photonic band structure is the major characteristics of photonic crystal. It displays as: certain frequency electromagnetic wave can not propagate in the specific direction of photonic crystal. Along this direction inc
7、idence to photonic crystal, rays will be reflected completely, and formed photonic bandgap. Another main characteristic of photonic crystal is photon localization, if introducing a certain degree defects into photonic crystal, destroying the crystal s original symmetry, very narrow frequency defect
8、states might appear in the band- gap of photonic crystal, and photon according the defect states frequency can be limited in the defect position, however, other frequency photon still be forbidden in the band- gap. Although complete photonic crystal has 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV complete bandgap, people pa
9、y more attention to defective one in the practical application. Because bandgap has ability to limit electromagnetic wave, and defects provide possibility to direct electromagnetic wave. This has very practical value in photonic system. Therefore, research on defect mode and how to control and utili
10、ze defect mode efficiently attract wide attention. According to different spatial structure, photonic crystal can be divided into one- dimensional photonic crystal, two- dimensional crystal and three- dimensional photonic crystal. Three- dimensional photonic crystal s spatial structure is complicate
11、d, theoretical research and fabrication is very difficult, comparing with one- dimensional photonic crystal which has simple structure and fabrication process, people are willing to study one- dimensional photonic crystal. The defects of photonic crystal contains point defect, line defect and plane
12、defect. For one- dimensional photonic crystal, we can introduce plane defect to form defect mode structure in one- dimensional photonic crystal. This structure has potential practical value to vertical to cavity surface reflect laser, narrowband filtering and multichannel filtering. In this thesis,
13、optical properties of one- dimensional photonic crystal based on SiO2 and CdSe in visible region and influence on its bandgap property introducing LiTaO3 defect layer were analyzed with transfer matrix method. Through simulating mathematically to photonic crystal s bandgap property containing LiTaO3
14、 defect layer, we found that introducing LiTaO3 defect layer can broaden bandgap, and force defect mode formed in bandgap. Bandgap width 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V and the number of defect mode increase according to the number of LiTaO3 defect layer increases. We can control the position of defect mode and o
15、btain multiple film structure containing defect in special regional visible band by adjusting defect parameters such as thickness, dielectric constant, etc. ,and then conclude one method to design one- dimensional photonic crystal containing defect. It is very important to optical theoretical resear
16、ch and application development of original optical devices. KEY WORDS：photonic crystals, defect mode, visible region, transfer matrix method 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 1 第一章 前 言 1 . 1 光子晶体的提出 在人类发展史上，新材料的出现一直是人类进步的最大推动力，长期以来对新材料 的探索也一直是人类的奋斗目标。上个世纪，控制电子特性的半导体材料的出现导致了 一场轰轰烈烈的电子工业革命，电子技术的发展给全人类的发展带来了翻天覆地的变 化。人们对半导体技术的深入研究以及广泛应用，使得电子工业和信
