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1、英语基本句型与高考 辉县市第二高级中学 王改平 英语五种基本句型 五种基本句型是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如 定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附属部分。只要掌握了这五 种基本句型，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句型进 行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。 1. 主语动词（SV） 这一句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，但后面可以跟副词 、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 The water is boiling. The train will leave soon. 2. 主语系动词表语（SVP） 此类句型有共同一个特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达 一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的
2、表语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作连系动词。 连系动词分四类： （1）表示状态的连系动词：be Getting up early is good for people. (2) 表示感觉的连系动词：look, seem, appear, smell, taste, feel, sound等 These roses smell sweet. (3) 表示保持的连系动词：keep, remain, stay等。 We should remain modest at any time. (4) 表示转变或结果的连系动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, pro
3、ve等。 The weather is getting colder and colder. 3. 主语动词宾语（SVO） 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词， 它必须带有自己的宾语。 在英文中，当一 个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及 物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语。否 则会视为句子不完整。 He has a sister. They wanted to have a rest. 4. 主语动词间接宾语直接宾语（SVOO） 这一句型中常见的谓语动词有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, teach, write, take, show, t
4、each, get, award, lend, rent, buy, pay, hand等。 She bought me a shirt. =She bought a shirt for me. Pass him the dictionary, please. =Pass the dictionary to him, please. 5. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语（SVOC） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽 然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能 表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分 来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。能作宾语 补足语成分的有：名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词
5、 等。 We elected him our monitor. I had the bike repaired. The news made me happy. 我们要利用以上五个句型去阅读或写英文句子。这样， 再长、再复杂的句子也可以被看成那么“几块”， 即主语、谓 语、宾语、补语、表语再加上定语、状语。 判断下列句子为何种句型： 1. In other words, we are the master of our own future. 2. This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in clas
6、s. 3. A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. 4. Should we sacrifice our childrens future for our own interests? 5. Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He lost the money on his way home. 8. The lawy
7、er is not available now. 9. I heard him singing in the next door. SVP SVOO SV SVO SVOC SVP SVO SVP SVOC 按句子的用途分类，所有的英语句子可以分成四个 种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 按句子的结构分类，英语句子可以分成三个类别： 简单句、并列句、复合句。 这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间构成 的关系。 1. 简单句 简单句只有一个主谓关系。 1.China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspec
8、ts. 2.Computers means a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people. 2. 并列句 并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关 系式并列的、对等的。在并列句中，要使用并列连词来连接平行 对等的分句。 表示转折关系：but, yet 1. Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself. 2. He has learned English for only one year, ye
9、t he can communicate with people in English. 表示因果关系：for, so 1. Youd better take an umbrella with you, for its going to rain. 2. Ive got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 表示并列、选择、递进等关系：and, or, eitheror, neithernor, not only but (also) 1. She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to
10、hers. 2. Do it this way or youll be in trouble. 3. Either you tell him the truth, or I do it. 3. 复合句 复合句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。其中只有一个主谓结 构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。主 要的主谓结构称作句子的主句，其他的主谓结构称为句子的从句 。 复合句的从句包括定语从句、状语从句(时间、地点、原因 、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较状语从句)、名词性从句( 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 1.The only thing that we can do
11、 is to give you some advice. 2. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 3. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 4. Do you know that he has joined the army? 5. He has made it clear that he will not give in. 6. The question is where we should stay. 7. What they need is a go
12、od textbook. 8. It looks as if it is going to rain. 9.My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 10. I have written home four times since I came here. 11. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 12. I found my wallet where I had left it. 13. Since everybody
13、is here, lets begin our meeting. 14. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 15.Take your raincoat in case it rains. 16. He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 17. As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed. 18. You will fail the exam if you dont study hard. 19.
14、Do as you are told, or you will be fired. 20. He is unhappy, though he has a lot of money. 基本句型与阅读理解的长难句 2014年新课标全国卷I-阅读理解B篇 It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird pop
15、ulation in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans deed for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. （ ） （ ） 【 】 （） 2014年新课标全国卷I-阅读理解D篇 Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-th
