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1、中南民族大学 硕士学位论文 袁中道文学思想研究 姓名：张万爽 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：中国古代文学 指导教师：石麟 20070101 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 公安派在文坛的出现，是明代社会变革和人性思潮在文学界的回响。因受晚 明哲学思潮和李贽等文人的影响，张扬个性、崇尚自由，成为了公安派“性灵说” 的核心思想。袁中道是公安派主要成员之一，他对公安派的影响，历来学界有不 同的观点。所以拙文就此落笔，先从总体上给袁中道定位。具体而言，袁中道用 辨证的思想和谨慎的实践引导公安派朝着新的格局前进，功不可没。拙文分四章 来论述袁中道的文学思想。 第一章着重探讨袁中道文学创作背景和理论学养
2、。就宏观而论，阳明心学对 其影响；微观来讲，亲人的变故和家庭的影响，使他的创作更多了几份成熟。他 不仅从其兄长们中汲取到文学营养，还在当时涌动的哲学思潮中寻找到了心灵的 支撑点道、佛思想的转换与结合。 第二章重在分析袁中道的文学理论架构。袁中道是公安派后期的代表作家之 一，他在文坛上的影响虽不及兄长袁宏道，但在文学创作上也颇有建树。对于他 的诗歌、散文创作，有不少学者进行了研究和总结，但相对而言，他的文学理论 思想却很少有人全面涉及。袁中道的文学思想体系有着浓重的反思色彩，他沿着 中郎已经迈步的途径继续前进，以修正和完善公安派文论和艺术实践中出现的偏 差，表现出了较高的自觉性。但他的反思绝非自
3、我否定，而是自我完善，是革新 的需要。拙文从四个方面对其理论成果作了较为详细的论述。 首先，通过对历史的考察，继兄长“变” 、 “穷新极变”之后，小修将理论与 实践相结合，使“变”的观点引向公安派自身，深邃地考察到“天下无百年不变 之文章，有作始自有末流，有末流还有作始” 。他不仅看到了前后七子的老格套， 也清醒地看到了公安末流的新格套。 用发展的文学观看待自己流派所出现的偏颇， 不断完善、提高自身水平，使之走上健康的轨道。 其次，对待古代文学遗产，他表现出了谨慎的态度，对历代文学不作轩轾之 论，而是主张兼收并蓄。 再次，小修彻底否定拟古派，摈弃对古法的刻意模拟，提倡学习古法得其神 而去其形，
4、体现自己的特色，使创作呈现出新的风貌，并非古板的套用古法，将 公安派引入新的境界。 最后，小修对自然之趣的崇尚、骨神并举的艺术追求、对公安派末流冲口而 发，稍入俚俗，创作缺少意趣的批评，表现出的艺术辨证思想是发人深省的。 第三章写袁中道的散文创作和诗歌风貌。 袁中道在文学创作实践中也取得了 丰硕的成果，尤其是诗歌、散文创作方面。学界不少学者对袁中道的散文创作和 诗歌风貌有较为详尽和全面的论述，所以拙文在这一领域只是简略论述之。 袁中道文学思想研究 II 第四章写袁中道对袁宏道的维护。关于袁中道对公安派的影响，大多数学者 认为公安派的消沉， 袁中道有不可推卸的责任。拙文就此提出了一些个人的看法，
5、 其中的观点难免有待商榷之处。但试图为袁中道辩护，给他一个公允的评价的想 法跃然于上，希望能为以后的袁中道研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。 关键词：公安派；袁中道；袁宏道； “性灵说” ； “变” ；反思 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III Abstract T he appearance of Gongan school in the literary world, it is the social change and echo on literary circles of ideological trend of human nature in Ming Dynasty.Because of th
6、e philosophy ideological trend in the late og Ming dynasty and influence of scholar(eg.li) .Publicize the individual character and advocate freedom have become key thoughts of “ the spirit and soul“. Yuan Zhongdao is one of the main members, the influence which he sends to Gongan school, always the
7、educational circles have had different views. So start to write or draw clumsily and gently at this point, give Yuan Zhong one to make a reservation on the whole first. Particularly speaking, Yuan Zhongdao lead Gongan school advance with dialectical thought and prudent practice towards the new patte
8、rn, perform meritorious deeds never to be obliterated. The document divides chapter four to describe Yuan Zhongdaos literature thought . Probe into background of creation of a literature of Yuan Zhongdao and theory, and learn to raise emphatically in chapter one. Macroscopical and theory, male genit
9、als bright heart studies its influence correctly; The microcosmic is come to explain, the relatives accident and influence of the family, several are ripe to make his creation more. He has not only but also found the strong point of soul in the philosophy ideological trend that was surged at that ti
10、me from drawing in its elder brothers to literature nutrition - - Conversion and combining of one, Buddhas thought. Chapter two focuses on analyzing Yuan Zhongdaos literature theory framework of one. Zhong Yuan is the representative writer one of Gongan schoolGongan school, less than his elder broth
11、er Yuan Hongdao influence in literary world, but fruitful on the creation in literature. as to his poem and prose, many scholars have carried on research and summarized, but comparatively speaking, literature theory thought of him few people involve in an all- round way. Dense introspection color, h
12、e goes after Zhong langs literature ideological systems where my darling take a step already continue advance, and improve to Gongan school the deviation that appear in the articles and opinions and artistic practice by revision, demonstrate higher consciousness. But introspection of him deny onesel
13、f absolutely not, but self- perfection, need that improvement. Have done the comparatively detailed argumentation to its achievement of theory from four respects in details. First of all, through the historical investigation, after the elder brother “ becomes “, “ extremely becomes poorly and newly
14、“, light maintenance combines the theory with 袁中道文学思想研究 IV practice, make the view “ changed “ guide into Gongan school itself, investigate and get “ have ceternally immutable article all over the world, ending is not the end, in the other word ,is a new start“. He not only understand The seven sons
15、 , fully aware of Gongan school new style at the last . Apprehend the bias that appear in with development of literature pointview , improve and raise his own competence constantly, make it get onto the track of the healthy one. Secondly, treat the ancient literary heritage, he demonstrates the prud
16、ent attitude, does not do the high or low theory to past dynasties literature, but advocate incorporating things of diverse nature. Moreover, deny the ancients in the group completely, abandon the painstaking simulation of the ancient law in light maintenance, recommend study the essense of ancient law and make it demonstrate the new style and features , not old fashioned and inflexible applying the ancient law mechanically, send Gongan school to introduce the new realm. Fin
