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1、马克思论著读后感1844哲学经济学手稿（Marx works on 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts）alienated labor? Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844.The 1844 Manuscript of economics and philosophy is an important work of Marxs youth. It was not published before Marx. Until 1927, part of it was received in
2、the Russian edition of the Marx Engels library, but without attention. In 1932, it was published in the German edition of the complete works of Marx and Engels. A wide discussion followed. This manuscript has a wide range of topics, covering almost all areas discussed by the author later. The manusc
3、ript is divided into three parts, dealing with economics, philosophy, and communism. Although in language style, it is very different from the later works, but almost all thoughts can be found here. More important, here, various theories come in a unified form.The beginning of Marxs critique is the
4、critique of political economy, that is, the critique of the material sector. In his preface to the critique of political economy, the author reviews his experience in political economy. The initial motivation of political economy is due during the editor served in the Rhine newspaper, to express vie
5、ws on illegal logging and forest estate subdivision, free trade and protective tariffs and other material field, and his philosophy and legal knowledge all cannot accomplish this task. So he made a deep study of political economy. This study led him to the conclusion that the mode of production of m
6、aterial life determines the process of social life, political life and general spiritual life. notes 1, Marx, critique of political economy, peoples press, 1961, preface, it is obvious that such a view has already begun to take shape in the 1844 Economic Philosophy manuscript. The materialist idea i
7、n manuscript is not exactly equivalent to the materialism thought of Marx doctrine developed later. It emphasizes positivism, which does not have special material rules, because it is against Hagel. But as the author begins with a study of the material field of man, namely, economics, he has seized
8、the material life of the decisive man. Peoples social existence determines peoples consciousness. Therefore, criticism should be empirical, and it should begin with the material field, that is, from the beginning of economics.However, although the national economy, starting from the fact of private
9、property, points out its material movement in reality, it can not understand the inherent inevitability of this movement. Everything is absolute and therefore accidental. This is a flaw in the methodology of the national economy: it always starts with abstractions (such as Robinsons hypothesis) and
10、thinks in accordance with the principles of intellectuality. The philosophical critique of the method has been completed by Hagel. However, he failed to be used in a specific field, or that he just keeps the same abstract? the absolute spirit is ultimately spirit, it is not realistic, because the re
11、ality is being set up in here. Therefore, Marx accepted the principle of positivism from Feuerbach and carried it out to the specific material field, namely, the economic field.It was dialectics and materialism that led Marx to capture the critical concept of the critique of capitalist society and t
12、he historical criticism of the whole human society - alienated labor.Alienation was originally an economic and legal term, and Hagel borrowed it from economists and Rousseaus social contract theory and elevated it to philosophical heights. In Hagel, alienation is the externalization of absolute spir
13、it, that is, the idea is objectified itself in nature. This is the movement of the idea itself, and the return of the idea to itself. Therefore, alienation itself contains the sublation of itself. Here, we find that Hagels ontology is the idea, although he calls it objective spirit, but objective is
14、 only used to modify the spirit. Because:Truth is the content of thought concept the author notes in conformity with its own accord. Neither good nor true arises from the contradiction between an objects stipulation or a concept and its actual existence. Only God is the true agreement of the concept
15、 and the reality. But all finite things freely has a reality, because everything is the concept of its existence, but its existence does not accord with the concept of. Therefore, all finite things can not be avoided and destroyed, and their concepts and the existence of inconsistent, have shown thi
16、s. Note 2, Hagel logic He Lin, the Commercial Press, 2003, page eighty-sixthThe objective existence of the real thing is always limited, and the concept is infinite. Limited is not exempt from death. Therefore, concepts, spirits, etc. are eternal, universal, and ultimately worthy of affirmation. To Feuerbach, through the study on the religious alienation and the formation process, denied the existence of God, thus the philo
