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1、Grammar 过去分词 v-ed 不定式 to + v 动词的v-ing 非谓语动词 to + v. v-ing v-ed 区 别 将要发生的 同时发生 被动 1.Reading aloud is very helpful. 2.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 3.The film is exciting. 4.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 5. They kept me waiting at the gate. 主语 宾语 表语 后置定语 宾语补
2、足语 找出下面 ing形式在句子中所充当的成分。 6.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 7.Being a League member, he is always helping others. 8.Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 9.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 10.The students came into the lab, following their teacher. 完成后（时间状
3、语） 作为（原因状语） 如果（条件状语） 结果状语 伴随状语 小结-ing 形式的用法 1)可以有名词作用,在句中做主语、宾语 、表语； 2)可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、 表语或宾语补足语； 3) 可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。 ing 做状语 可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、 让步、方式或伴随 1.分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构 来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题。 Walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend. The
4、 train having gone, we had to wait another day. （the train逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构） _ (tell) him answers several times, I was not sure whether he could understand the problem.告诉他答案好几次 _ (tell) answers several times, he still couldnt solve the problem. 被告诉过答案之后几次 3) _(see) a rainbow before as a ch
5、ild, he was very excited. 以前从没看到过彩虹 Having told Having been told Not/Never having seen 独立主格结构 名/代+doing/to do/ done/名/形/副/介短 There _(be) no taxis, we had to walk. It _(be) Christmas, the government offices were closed. Her work _(do), she sat down for a cup of tea. being being done 2.分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上
6、 连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间 不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列 连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语 只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句 之间可用逗号。 例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it. 3.-ing的一般式和完成式现在
7、分词都可 以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引 起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表 示先发生的动作。 Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指 “边刷牙, 边下楼 。) 4.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面 加上 not, never等否定词构成。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I as
8、ked a policeman for help. 作定语 作宾语 作补语 作状语 作主语 -ing和-ed形容词 单个-ed/-ed, 前置 -ing+名词：表示用途 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming a reading room=a room for reading The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable. We visited a temple which was built 200 years ago. n后置定语相当于省略的定语从句 The vegetables which are so
9、ld in this shop are grown without chemicals. 27 The houses which are being built are for the survivors in the quake. The girl who has passed the exam is my girlfriend. 错(完成式不能作定语) having -ing/-ed形容词： ing: 主动； -ed: 被动； a moving film the moved audience an exciting news a broken heart an interesting st
10、ory a satisfied smile -ing形容词多修饰物 -ed形容词多修饰人或与人有关的物 Everyone was _ by the _ story. (move) He was _ with the _ person. (annoy) movedmoving annoyed annoying Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. (06四川) A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the
11、most exciting C Poor boy! His _ looks and_ hands suggested he was very afraid. A. frightening; trembling B. frightened; trembled C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembling D The problems _ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. A. discussed B. to discuss C. to be discussedD. discus
12、sing C The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt B Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. (2006安徽) A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 分词作状语时，
13、如果主语和分词动作构成的是“主谓 关系”，我们用ing分词； 如果主语和分词动作构成的是“动宾 关系“，我们就用-ed分词。 如何区分使用ing分词和-ed分词 1._by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. 2._ others, John came into the hall, too. A. Followed B. Following C. Being following D. Having been followed 3. The trainer arrived and _ by six little dogs. A.followe
14、d B. was following C. following D. was followed A B D 4. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. 5. _ all his time to teaching, Mr. Li almost forgets his wife and son. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given D C 6. There were 12 persons in the bus, _ a baby. 7. There were 12 persons in th
15、e bus, a baby_. A. to include B. including C. included D. being included B C 8. The man _ Zhaosan used to live here. 9.The man _ himself Zhaosan used to lived here. A. called B. calling C. to call D. call A B 10._ from the hill, the park seems more beautiful. 11._ from the hill, youll find the park more beautiful. 12._ from the hill, and youll find the park more beautiful. 13._ from the sky in a plane and the city is very beautiful. A. See B. Seen C. Seeing D. To see B C A A 14. He oft
