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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式 单击此处编辑母版副标题样式 *1 非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳 非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个句子句子（谓（谓 语动词）语动词）, ,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下, , 还有别还有别 的动词出现时。的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, _ (leave) her handbag She got off the bus, _ (leave) her handbag on her seat.on her seat. She got off the bus, She got of
2、f the bus, butbut _ _ (leave)(leave) her handbag on her handbag on her seat.her seat. leavingleaving leftleft 非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能 名称名称语语语语 法法 功功 能能 主主语语语语宾语宾语宾语宾语 宾语宾语宾语宾语 补补补补足足 语语语语 表表语语语语定定语语语语状状语语语语 不定不定 式式 动动动动名名 词词词词 现现现现在在 分分词词词词 过过过过去去 分分词词词词 v动词不定式无人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。 不定式 动词不定式的基本形式 动词不定式
3、 否定形式 被动形式 进行时 完成时 to do not to do to be done to be doing to have done (二)、不定式的句法功能 看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？ v(2012 浙江) No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it is better _ silent. vA remain B be remaining vC having remained D to remain 解析：it为形式主语，不定式才是真正的 主语。 1. 1. 作主语作主语 侧重于动作的侧重于动作的
4、具体性具体性和和将来性将来性 To play basketballTo play basketball is a great pleasure.is a great pleasure. 但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡, ,常用常用it it 代它作主语代它作主语, , 把它把它 移到句子后部去移到句子后部去. . It It is a great pleasureis a great pleasure to play basketball. to play basketball. 看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？ v(2012 安徽) I remembered _ the door before
5、 I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. vA locking B to lock vC having locked D. to have locked 解析：在forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on, cant help等动词后既可接 动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。 2. 2. 作宾语作宾语 vA. 跟不定式作宾语的常见动词: v（）hope, want , expect, wish, desire, like, love, dislike ,hate, pl
6、an, intend, mean, prepare, decide, determine, afford, fail, manage, try、dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree 、forget ,bother . e.g. I promise to finish the homework on time. vB. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: vtell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain vtell sb what to do 看看下列
7、题目中不定式作什么成分？ v（2013 重庆）The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. vA. to go B. to have gone vC. going D. having gone 解析：发动机就是启动不起来。看来它是出毛 病了。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。seem后 接不定式。根据发动机不能启动的事实说明发 动机已经出现了问题，所以选B。 3. 3. 作表语作表语 vA.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事 情。 v He is He is to marry Roseto marry Rose. . vvB.B.表
8、示主语的内容，但侧重于目的 性。 vHer wish was to become an artist. vC. 表示情态意义(应该, 必须)。 vThe form is to be filled in and returned within a week. vvShe isShe is to blame to blame. . 看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？ v(2012重庆) We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our comp
9、any. vA to be made B being made vC made D having been made 解析：动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词 之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have 、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要 ”；或修饰“the+序数词”。 v(2013.四川） The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. vA. being completed vB. to be completed vC. completed vD. having been completed
10、 v（2013 北京）Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own. vA. change B. changing vC. changed D. to change 解析：当志愿者给了你一个改变别人和你 自己的生活的机会。chance为抽象名词， 通常情况下用不定式作后置定语。 4.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语 vvA.A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。 vvCharles Lindbergh is Charles Lindbergh is the first manthe firs
11、t man to fly to fly the Atlantic alonethe Atlantic alone.( .(主谓关系主谓关系) ) vvHe has got He has got lots of questionslots of questions to ask. (to ask. (动宾动宾 关系关系) ) vv注意注意:1.:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动如不定式与它所修饰的词有动 宾关系宾关系, ,而这个不定式又是不及物动词而这个不定式又是不及物动词 , , 它后面应有必要的介词。它后面应有必要的介词。 vvThere is There is nothingnothing
12、to worry to worry aboutabout. . vv2. 2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动 作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时, , 它后面要带上必要的介词。它后面要带上必要的介词。 vvI need I need a pena pen to write to write withwith. . vvHe is looking for He is looking for a rooma room to live to live in.in. 看看下列题目中不定式作什么成分？ v(2012 北京)Birds singing
13、 is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away. vA to stay B staying C stayed D stay v解析：在 warn, ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的 不定式作宾补。本题实际考查 warn sb. to do sth.这一短语。 v（2012 江西）Having finished the project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students. vA speaking B ha
14、ving spoken vC to speak D to have spoken 解析：有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如 invite ,refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等 v(2013 陕西）Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. vA. to understand B. understand vC. understanding D. understood 5.5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 vv跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词
15、 vA. let, have, make, get等表使 役的动词 vThey made us go with them. v注意: vLet/ have/make sb. do ; get sb. to do vThey got us to go with them. vB. ask, tell, request, order等表要求, 命令的动词 vThe chairman requested the members to be silent. vC. allow, permit, forbid等表许 可或禁止的动词 The guard forbade me to enter. D. wish, want, expect, intend 等表希望的动词(hope无此用法) Many parents expect their children to study abroad. vE. seesee、watchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear、listen tolisten to 、observeobserve、feelfeel等表感官的动词后的不定式等表感官的动词后的不定式 均不带均不带toto vvI noticed tears come into his eyes.I noticed tears come into his eyes. vvW
