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1、太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 英汉政治类演讲语篇中语法隐喻的对比研究 姓名：郭峰 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师： 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 iii 英汉政治类演讲语篇中语法隐喻的对比研究 摘 英汉政治类演讲语篇中语法隐喻的对比研究 摘 要要 韩礼德在1985年出版的功能语法导论中首次提出了“语法隐喻”这一概念。他 指出“隐喻现象并不仅限于词汇层面，而且常常发生在语法层面，发生在语法层面的隐 喻就是语法隐喻。”根据韩礼德提出的“语法隐喻现象存在于一切成人语言之中”，国 内外的许多学者将语法隐喻理论应用于各类具体语篇的研究，并取得了丰硕的成果，但 是目前将
2、该理论应用于政治类演讲语篇的研究却很少见。因此，本文以韩礼德的语法隐 喻理论为基础， 以英汉政治类演讲语篇为语料， 采用定量统计与定性分析相结合的方法， 旨在对比分析英汉政治类演讲语篇中的语法隐喻现象，发现语法隐喻在其中的分布、形 式、作用和异同，以揭示语法隐喻如何帮助演讲者成功构建语篇，形成语言特点，达成 交际目的。该研究对英语语法隐喻的汉译也有重要的指导意义。 本文从美国政府官方网站（Http:/www.whitehouse.gov）和中国政府官方网站 （Http:/ ）分别选取了五篇政治类演讲语篇作为语料，以韩礼德的语 法隐喻理论，尤其是他对各类语法隐喻的鉴别方法为理论基础，对语料中语法
3、隐喻的类 型和所占比例进行了详细的对比分析。研究主要发现: 首先，英汉政治类演讲语篇中都存在着大量的语法隐喻现象，包括概念语法隐喻和 人际语法隐喻。其中概念语法隐喻出现的频率远高于人际语法隐喻。 其次，英汉政治类演讲语篇中的概念语法隐喻主要集中在及物系统过程类型转换 （包括过程内部和过程间的相互转换）、名词化、动词化和形容词化上。其中，英语语 篇因过程类型转换而产生的概念语法隐喻数量远远高于汉语语篇；汉语语篇中因物质- 关系过程相互转换产生的概念语法隐喻较多， 其他类型较少或没有。 英汉语篇中名词化、 形容词化和动词化现象均随处可见。 最后，英汉政治类演讲语篇中的人际语法隐喻均包含情态隐喻和语
4、气隐喻，且以情 态隐喻居多。 上述相似性和差异性主要是由英汉语自身特点以及政治类演讲语篇的文体特点决 定的。英语句式灵活多变，而汉语句式相对稳定结构变化较少。另外，同英语相比，汉 语政治类演讲内容更正式，词汇密度更高。 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 iv 本文第一次尝试性的对政治类演讲语篇中的语法隐喻现象进行了一些对比研究， 期 望能够对学习者更好地解读、写作和翻译该类语篇有所启示。 关键词关键词：语法隐喻，概念语法隐喻，人际语法隐喻，英汉政治类演讲语篇，对比分析， 翻译 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 i A CONTRASTIV
5、E STUDY OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR ON ENGLISH AND CHINESE POLITICAL SPEECH ABSTRACT Grammatical metaphor (GM) has found a wide application both home and abroad since its proposal. Based on its theory, this thesis, first gives a detailed classification and distribution of GM in English and Chinese polit
6、ical speech by means of qualitative and quantitative methods, and then explores their similarities and differences. It is intended to not only reveal functions of GM in English and Chinese political speech but also offer some instructions for the applications of GM in English-Chinese translation. Th
7、e thesis chooses 5 English political speech discourses from the American government official website (http:/www.whitehouse.gov) and 5 Chinese ones from the Chinese government official website ( ) as samples. An analysis to them starts with the identification of GM in languages, their corresponding n
8、umbers and percentages, and a detailed comparison, then ends up with three major findings: First, GM can be found in both English and Chinese political speech. There are two kinds of them: ideational and interpersonal grammatical metaphor, but the former occupies more important place. Second, the re
9、alization of ideational grammatical metaphor in English and Chinese political speech is related to the transitivity system (involving GM resulting from transference across different processes and within one process), nominalization, verbalization and adjectivization. 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 i
10、i Both English and Chinese discourses employ great similarities in the distribution of transitivity metaphorization. For one thing, the number of GM resulting from the transference from material to relational process is prominent in both languages, for another the number of GM resulting from transfe
11、rence within one process is much less than the number realized by transference across different processes. English discourses tend to have more GMs resulting from transitivity metaphorization while there are a large number of nominalization, verbalization and adjectivization in Chinese discourses. T
12、hird, there are two kinds of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in both discourses: metaphor of mood and that of modality. And metaphor of modality is in the majority. Many applications of modality of probability and obligation are found while there is no modality of usuality in both discourses. Rea
13、sons for the findings are explored in terms of the features of English and Chinese, and the features of speech genres. English sentences include more changes in sentence patterns and those different sentence patterns may express the same meaning, whereas Chinese sentences are more fixed and steady,
14、involving less change in sentential structures. Moreover, Chinese political speeches are more formal and enjoy a higher degree of lexical density than English ones. As a good attempt in the contrastive study of GM in both English and Chinese political speech, these findings not only offer a new insi
15、ght into the understanding and writing of such discourses, the translation of metaphorical sentences from English to Chinese, but also present the general features of political speech. KEY WORDS: grammatical metaphor (GM), ideational grammatical metaphor, interpersonal grammatical metaphor, English
16、and Chinese political speech, contrastive analysis, translation 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 A List of Samples3 Figure 3-1 Two Perspectives on Metaphor (Halliday, 1994: 324). 11 Figure 3-2 Congruent Realization of Grammatical Categories.12 Figure 3-3 Incongruent Realizations of Grammatical Categories in Transitivity System (Fan Wenfang, 2001:38)14 Table 4-1 GM Realized by Transfere
