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1、<p><p>&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;p&amp;amp;gt;Chapter 2. Disorders of Water and Electrolytes Metabolism Yugang Liu, Associate Professor Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine E-mail: liuyuga
2、ng2208 Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Chapter 2. Disorders of Water and Electrolytes Metabolism I. Normal Metabolism of Water and Electrolytes II. Disorders of Water and Sodium Metabolism (the 2nd week: Sep 15, 17) III. Disorders of Potassium Metabolism (the 4t
3、h and 5th week: Sep 29, Oct 8) Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine I. Normal Metabolism of Water and Electrolytes 1. Body fluid and Osmolality 2. Normal Metabolism of Water and Sodium Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine To keep home
4、ostasis l Homeostasis indicates a stable internal environment within the body, which means: l (a) body fluid: normal volume, composition and pH ; l (b) normal temperature, blood pressure, cardiac output; l (c) normal level of hormones, et al. l Normal body fluid is the most important part in the hom
5、eostasis. Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine significance l The cells are capable of living, growing and performing their special functions depending on the homeostasis. The disturbances of homeostasis are present in many diseases. It is necessary to restore the ho
6、meostasis when you treat the patients. l The venous infusion is a basic method for treating patients. Before venous infusion, you must know : (1) how much volume the patient needs, (2) what kind of solutions the patient needs, (3) the order of infusion of different solutions (glucose or saline solut
7、ion) Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Body fluid is the fluids in the body. Body fluid is a solution with solutes (electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, fatty substances and other constituents) and solvent (water). 1. Body fluid and Osmolality Department of Pathoph
8、ysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Body fluid constitutes 60% of body weight. Intracellular fluid, ICF(40%) Body fluid (60% of body IVF(5%) weight) Extracellular fluid (20%)ECF EVF(15%) (1) Volume and distribution of body fluid Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School
9、of Medicine Volume and distribution of body fluid Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine ECF includes: IVF: plasma EVF: 1) interstitial fluid 2) lymph fluid 3) Fluid in cavities (the third space) The fluids in cavities:The fluids in cavities: cerebrospinal fluid (in ve
10、ntricles of brain), cerebrospinal fluid (in ventricles of brain), pleural fluid (in pleural cavity), pleural fluid (in pleural cavity), pericardial fluid (in pericardial cavity) pericardial fluid (in pericardial cavity) joint fluid (in articular cavity) joint fluid (in articular cavity) Department o
11、f Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Influential factors on the volume of body fluid - age % of BW - new born(01mon) 80% infant (112mon) 70% school age(117 year) 65% adult 60% - Children have a higher proportion of body fluid. The younger the age is, the more the body fluid is.
12、Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Influential factors on the volume of body fluid Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Influential factors on the volume of body fluid - organ (tissue) water content - fat 25%30% muscle 76% bone 14%4
13、6% liver 70% skin 72% - Question: A fatty person and a thin person with the same body weight lost the same volume of body fluid, whose condition is worse? Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine (2)composition of body fluid 1) plasma (ECF) Cations (mEq/L) Anions (mEq/L)
14、 - Na+ 142 HCO3&amp;amp;amp;#175; 27 K+ 5 CI&amp;amp;amp;#175; 103 Ca2+ 5 HPO42&amp;amp;amp;#175; 2 Mg2+ 2 SO42&amp;amp;amp;#175; 1 organic acid 5 proteinate 16 - total 154 154 Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine (1)The major cation i
15、s Na+ , which cannot be replaced. (2) The normal ranges of K+,Ca2+,Mg2+ are narrow. (3) Major anions are HCO3&amp;amp;amp;#175; and CI&amp;amp;amp;#175; which can be mutually replaced. (4) Electrical neutrality is present (4) Electrical neutrality is present according to the numerals of according to the numerals of (milligram equivalent) mEq/L in the (milligram equivalent) mEq/L in the normal state.normal state. Characteristics Department of Pat&amp;amp;lt;/p&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;</p></p>
