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1、例1:数控车削加工图示零件,工件材质为45钢。毛坯为3590的棒料,零件表面先粗加工后精加工,以工件右端面与轴线的交点为工件坐标系原点,按照提示完成工艺分析和程序编制(FANUC系统)。1.零件图分析:b对零件图样中标注公差的尺寸,编程时应转换为对称公差,以转变后的轮廓尺寸编程。b改为b改为2.确定工序:1.粗车右端面倒角粗车14圆柱面粗车14-19.084圆锥面粗车19.084圆柱面粗车R5圆弧面粗车30圆柱面2.精车右端面倒角精车14圆柱面精车14-19.084圆锥面精车19.084圆柱面精车车R5圆弧面精车30圆柱面3.切52的槽4.车M14螺纹5.切断3、刀具选择(作为已知条件使用):
2、4、切削用量确定:(作为已知条件使用)粗加工背吃刀量取2mm,精加工背吃刀量取0.2mm。M14粗牙螺纹螺距为2螺纹小径为11.835。bb55、数控程序:、数控程序:bbO0001O0001bbN001G50X460.0Z260.0N001G50X460.0Z260.0;坐标设定坐标设定bbN002T0201S600N002T0201S600M03M03;换外径粗精车刀换外径粗精车刀bbN003G00Z10.0N003G00Z10.0;bbN004N004X40.0X40.0;快速接近零件快速接近零件bbN005X35.0Z1.0M08N005X35.0Z1.0M08;加工起点加工起点bbN
3、006G01X-1.0F0.3N006G01X-1.0F0.3;粗车右端面粗车右端面bbN007G00Z3.0N007G00Z3.0;bbN008X35.0N008X35.0;退刀退刀bbN009Z5.0N009Z5.0;快速定位粗车循环起点快速定位粗车循环起点bbN010G71P011Q107U0.3W0.2D2.0F0.3N010G71P011Q107U0.3W0.2D2.0F0.3;外圆粗车固定循环外圆粗车固定循环bbN011G00X11.0S800F0.2N011G00X11.0S800F0.2;快速定位快速定位bbN012G01X14.0W-2.0N012G01X14.0W-2.0;
4、倒角倒角bbN013Z-20.0N013Z-20.0;车外圆车外圆bbN014X19.084Z-35.0N014X19.084Z-35.0;车锥面车锥面bbN015Z-45.0N015Z-45.0;车外圆车外圆bbN106G02X30.0Z-50.0R5.0N106G02X30.0Z-50.0R5.0;车圆弧车圆弧bbN107G01Z-59.975N107G01Z-59.975;bbN108G70P101Q107N108G70P101Q107;精车固定循环精车固定循环bbN109G00X80.0N109G00X80.0;bbN110Z50.0N110Z50.0;退刀退刀bbN111X460.0
5、Z260.0M05N111X460.0Z260.0M05;bbN112N112T0402S350M03T0402S350M03;换刀换刀bbN113G00X20.0Z-20.0N113G00X20.0Z-20.0;bbN114G01X11.0F0.08N114G01X11.0F0.08;切槽切槽bbbbN115X40.0N115X40.0;退刀退刀bbN116G00X460.0Z260.0M05N116G00X460.0Z260.0M05;bbN117T0603S350M03N117T0603S350M03;换刀;换刀bbN118G00X14.0Z5.0N118G00X14.0Z5.0;bbN
6、119G76X11.835Z-17.5I0K1.082D0.6F2A60N119G76X11.835Z-17.5I0K1.082D0.6F2A60;螺纹;螺纹切削循环切削循环bbN120G00X20.0N120G00X20.0;bbN121G00X460.0Z260.0M05N121G00X460.0Z260.0M05;bbN122T0402S350M03N122T0402S350M03;换刀换刀bbN123G00X35.0Z-59.975N123G00X35.0Z-59.975;bbN124G01X-1.0F0.08N124G01X-1.0F0.08;切断切断bbN125M30N125M30
7、;bb例2:如图所示为一套类筒零件,所选毛坯为112mm143mm棒料,预留75mm内孔,图中长度为51mm的外径,以二次装夹来进行加工,本次编程不加工,材料为45钢。按照提示完成工艺分析和程序编制(FANUC系统)。1.确定工艺方案:选择作为定位基准,设计基准在左端面.采用夹具为。取为工件坐标系坐标原点。换刀点选择在(200,400)处,找正后一次装夹,完成内外表面的粗、精加工。2.从下面所给的刀具中选择使用,并标明刀具编号1)车槽刀,刀宽4mm;2)90硬质合金机夹精车外圆偏刀,刀尖半径为R0.2mm;3)内圆粗车刀,刀尖半径为R0.5mm;4)90硬质合金机夹粗车外圆偏刀,刀尖半径为R0
8、.5mm;5)内圆精车刀,刀尖半径为R0.2mm;6)车槽刀,刀宽4.1mm。左端面和外圆三爪自定心卡盘工件左端面中心1)90硬质合金机夹粗车外圆偏刀,刀尖半径为R0.5mm;T012)90硬质合金机夹精车外圆偏刀,刀尖半径为R0.2mm;T023)内圆粗车刀,刀尖半径为R0.5mm;T034)内圆精车刀,刀尖半径为R0.2mm;T045)车槽刀,刀宽4mm;T056)车槽刀,刀宽4.1mm。T063.设计工艺路线:4.切削用量(已知)(1)粗加工外轮廓时径向车削深度为0.75mm,进给量为0.2mmr,主轴转速为300rmin,单边留0.25mm精车余量;(2)粗加工内轮廓时径向最大车削深度
9、为4mm,进给量为0.3mmr,主轴转速为300rmin,X向单边留0.25mm精车余量,Z向单边留0.5mm精车余量;(3)精加工内外轮廓时,进给量为0.08mmr,主轴转速为600rmin;(4)切493.8mm的槽时,进给量为0.2mmr,主轴转速为200rmin,车刀进入槽底部进给暂停2s;(5)切4.1mm2.5mm的槽时,进给量为0.1mmr,主轴转速为240rmin,车刀进入槽底部进给暂停2s。5.编制加工程序:(1)用1号刀粗车端面、外圆锥面和110mm外圆,单边留0.25mm精车余量;(2)用2号刀粗车内阶梯孔,X向单边留0.25mm精车余量,Z向单边留0.5mm精车余量;(
10、3)用3号刀精车端面、外圆锥面和110mm外圆;(4)用4号刀切493.8mm的槽;(5)用5号刀精车内阶梯孔和倒角;(6)用6号刀切4.1mm2.5mm的槽。bb55、数控程序:、数控程序:bbO0001O0001bbN010G50X200.0Z400.0N010G50X200.0Z400.0;bbN020S300M03M08N020S300M03M08;bbN030T0101N030T0101;bbN040G00X118.0Z141.5N040G00X118.0Z141.5;bbN050G01X32.0F0.2N050G01X32.0F0.2;bbN060G00X103.0N060G00X
11、103.0;bbN070G01X110.5Z117.678F0.2N070G01X110.5Z117.678F0.2;bbN080Z48.0N080Z48.0;bbN090G00X200.0Z400.0N090G00X200.0Z400.0;bbN100T0202N100T0202;bbN110G00X89.5Z145.0N110G00X89.5Z145.0;bbN120G01Z61.5F0.3N120G01Z61.5F0.3;bbN130X79.5N130X79.5;bbN140Z-5.0N140Z-5.0;bbN150G00X75.0N150G00X75.0;bbN160Z180.0N16
12、0Z180.0;bbN170G00X200.0Z400.0N170G00X200.0Z400.0;bbN180T0303N180T0303;bbN190G00X70.0Z145.0S600N190G00X70.0Z145.0S600;bbN200G01Z141.0F0.08N200G01Z141.0F0.08;bbN210X102.0N210X102.0;bbN220X110.0W-6.93N220X110.0W-6.93;bbN230Z48.0N230Z48.0;bbN240X112.0N240X112.0;bbN250G00X200.0Z400.0N250G00X200.0Z400.0;b
13、bN260T0404N260T0404;bbN270G00X80.0Z180.0S200N270G00X80.0Z180.0S200;bbN280Z131.0N280Z131.0;bbN290G01X93.8F0.2N290G01X93.8F0.2;bbN300G04X2.0N300G04X2.0;bbN310G00X80.0N310G00X80.0;bbN320Z180.0N320Z180.0;bbN330G00X200.0Z400.0N330G00X200.0Z400.0;bbN340T0505N340T0505;N350G00X92.0Z142.0S600N350G00X92.0Z142
14、.0S600;N360G01X90.0Z140.0F0.08N360G01X90.0Z140.0F0.08;N370Z61.0N370Z61.0;N380X80.0N380X80.0;N390Z-5.0N390Z-5.0;N400G00X75.0N400G00X75.0;N410Z180.0N410Z180.0;N420G00X200.0Z400.0N420G00X200.0Z400.0;N430T0606N430T0606;N440G00X115.0Z71.0S240N440G00X115.0Z71.0S240;N450G01X105.0F0.1N450G01X105.0F0.1;N460G
15、04X2.0N460G04X2.0;N470X115.0N470X115.0;N480G00X200.0Z400.0N480G00X200.0Z400.0;N490M30N490M30;例如左图所示某盖板零件外轮廓,右图为其毛坯,材料为铝板数控铣床加工实例1.1.工艺分析工艺分析bb分析盖板零件图可知,分析盖板零件图可知,40mm40mm的孔是设计基的孔是设计基准,因此考虑以此孔和准,因此考虑以此孔和QQ面找正定位,夹紧力面找正定位,夹紧力加在加在PP面上。面上。bb根据毛坯板料较薄、尺寸精度要求不高等根据毛坯板料较薄、尺寸精度要求不高等特点,拟采用粗、精两刀完成零件的轮廓加工特点,拟采用粗、
16、精两刀完成零件的轮廓加工。粗加工直接在毛坯件上按照计算出的基点走粗加工直接在毛坯件上按照计算出的基点走刀,并利用数控系统的刀具补偿功能将精加工刀,并利用数控系统的刀具补偿功能将精加工余量留出。精加工余量为余量留出。精加工余量为0.2mm0.2mm。bb由于毛坯材料为铝板,不宜采用硬质合金由于毛坯材料为铝板,不宜采用硬质合金刀具,选择刀具,选择20mm20mm普通高速钢立铣刀进行加工普通高速钢立铣刀进行加工。2.基点坐标计算零件轮廓由三段圆弧和五段直线连接而成。选择左下角点A为原点建立工坐标系。3.程序设计为了得到比较光滑的零件轮廓,同时使编程简单,考虑粗加工和精加工均采用顺铣方法规划走刀路线,即按AHGFEDCBAO0006O0006N01G92X0Y0Z0N01G92X0Y0Z0N02G00Z10N02G00Z10N0