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1、Unit 3 Grammar The Use of -ing Form (2) used as the predictive, attribute and object complement 一、-ing形式作表语 1.-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后， 用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主 语的身份、性质或特征。如： Her hobby is painting. My job is looking after the children. The TV play is very interesting. The speech is inspiring. 动名词 现在分词 2.下列表示“变成”、“
2、保持”、“感觉”等 意义的动词有系动词的特征， 可与某些 现在分词构成主系表结构： come runningget going/moving remain standinglie dying stand lookingsit waiting 二、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式（动名词或现 在分词）作定语位于被修饰名词的前 面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功 能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状 态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a
3、 walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台 动名词 boring speech = speech that is boring a surprising result = a result that is surprising a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping 现在分词 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名 词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从
4、句。如： They will move into the building being built. = They lived in a room that is being built. The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语 ，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这 时，它与句子其它部分用逗号分开。 如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. =
5、His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 注意：分词完成式不能用作后置定 语。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动 作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构 ，直接用过去分词。如： The boy who had broken the school rule was punished. The building completed at the end of last year cost 800 million yuan. 三、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语 后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作
6、，强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. I found a bag lying on the ground. The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 2. 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补 足语的动词-ing形式便转变为主语补足语。 如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result was found very satis
7、fying. They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动 词: (1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at等。如： a. We saw a light burning in the window. b. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. c. Can you s
8、mell anything burning? d. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. e. Listen to the birds singing. f. I didnt notice him waiting. (2) 表示 “发现”、“闻到”、“致使” 的动词， 常见的有find, smell, catch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。 a. I wont have you doing that. b. The joke set us laughing. c.
9、Im sorry to have kept you waiting. d. I cant get the clock going again. e You wont catch me doing that again. f The explosion sent things flying in all directions. g His remarks left me wondering what he meant. 4. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classroom and saw
10、 the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验） (1) 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示 （或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验） (2)如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词 不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式 则表示反复动作。如： We heard the door slam. We heard the
11、door slamming. (反复动作) (一次动作) 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? Point out the usage of the ing form. sliding, bumping, falling 作宾语补足语 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting,
12、 including mime. 3. Their job is “panning for gold”. using 作介词for的宾语; including作状语 panning 作表语 4. But he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作介词宾语 5. Finally he tries cutting and eating
13、the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作宾语 6. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作定语 using 作介词宾语 7. He entertained audience by using nonverbal humor. 1. Dont leave the water _ while 2. you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 单选
14、 2. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 3. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 4. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smil
15、e 5. A phone call sent him _ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried 6. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be r
16、epaired 8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. b
