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1、英译红楼梦对比 -以贾宝玉“情不情”和林黛玉“情情”为 例 沙鑫 12015001932 一、红楼梦的艺术地位 1. 鲁迅中国小说史略,独辟一章,谓之曰“清之人情 小说”。“全书所写,虽不外悲喜之情,聚散之迹,而人 物事故,则摆脱旧套,与在先之人情小说甚不同。” 2. 红楼梦是我们中华民族的一部古往今来、绝无仅 有的“文化小说”。如果你想要了解中华民族的文化特点 特色,最好的既最有趣味又最为捷便(具体、真切、 生动)的办法就是去读通了红楼梦。-周汝昌 3. 红楼梦是“宇宙性的杰作”,曹雪芹具有布鲁斯 特的敏锐的目光,托尔斯泰的同情心,缪西尔的才智和 幽默,有巴尔扎克的洞察和再现包括整个社会自下
2、而上 的各阶层的能力。-1981年,法国快报 4. 个人观点:皇皇巨著,震古烁今,四大名著之首。文学作 品的终极命题或终极关怀,就是人性和人情。在这一点上红 楼梦可谓登峰造极。小说文笔“细如牛毛”,草蛇灰线,伏 延千里。内容极为丰富,天文地理医学建筑民俗无所不包。必 须要打破偏见,名著必须常读常新。伟大的作品拥有无限的生 命力。正如卡尔维诺所言:“一部经典作品是这样一部作品, 它不断让周围制造一团批评话语的尘雾会,却总是把那些微粒 抖掉”“经典作品是这样一些书,我们越是道听途说,以为我 们懂了,当我们实际读它们,我们就越是觉得它们独特、意想 不到和新颖。”为什么要读经典 二、红楼梦的主题 福克
3、纳说:“作家的特殊权利就是帮助人坚持活下去”; 帮助人们记住“勇气、尊严、希望、自豪、同情、怜悯和牺牲 ”这些永远闪烁人性光辉的品质。主题既受时代语境的影响, 也受作家个体生活阅历的制约。但红楼梦对人性、人情的 关怀是跨越时代的。因此,翻译红楼梦必须把握小说主题 ,才能不辜负作者“字字看来皆是血”的付出。所以我个人认 为,翻译红楼梦的目的论不该只是简单的让外国读者了解 故事情节或时代特征,而是应该尽可能地贴近作者的原笔原意 ,译者必定是要带着镣铐舞蹈。 1.纳兰成德家事说。 清人徐时栋、张维屏等人主张。 2.清世祖与董鄂妃故事说。 清人王梦阮等主张。 3.康熙朝政治状态说。 蔡元培石头记索隐。
4、 4.作者自序说。 袁枚随园诗话、周汝昌等。 三、红楼梦的不可翻译性 红楼梦是举世公认的中国古典小说巅峰之作,中国封建 社会的百科全书,传统文化的集大成者。翻译时文化差异导致的 信息不对等,原意丢失不可避免。更重要的是,曹雪芹的生花妙 笔,使原著中各类的诗词、词曲、酒令、对联、灯谜、判词、人 名等不仅文笔精美,而且设计巧妙,许多都暗示了人物命运的发 展,翻译时就算能翻译出字面意思,但是这些重要的伏笔却不能 表现。 以人名翻译为例。杨宪益、戴乃迭放弃意译,直接用拼音翻译 各大主角和丫鬟的名字,以保留差异。霍金斯译本却采用意译,有 些的确能体现人物性格,比如袭人( Aroma ),有时还运用拉丁
5、文,来突出文字的古意,比如妙玉( Adamantine ),但有时却略 显通俗,比如晴雯(Skybright)、雪雁(Snow-goose)。 曹雪芹 在塑造人物时可谓入木三分,特别是女性角色,他赋予了深厚的情 感,虽然丫鬟在封建社会属于下人,但若用通俗寻常事物来翻译她 们的名字,必定会违逆作者原笔原意。 以判词为例:典故不可译,对人物性格的隐射也不可译 。 可叹停机德,堪怜咏絮才。玉带林中挂,金簪雪里埋。 One was a pattern of female virtue, One a wit who made other wits seem slow. The jade belt in
6、the greenwood hangs, The gold pin is buried beneath the snow. (霍克斯) Alas for her wifely virtue, Her wit to sing of willow-down, poor maid! Buried in snow the broken golden hairpin And hanging in the wood the belt of jade. (杨、戴 ) 四、对比分析杨、戴译本和霍克斯译本对贾宝 玉“情不情”以及林黛玉“情情”的体现(以 符合作者原笔原意为准则) 1、贾宝玉“情不情”最集中的体现
7、 例:第39回 村老老是信口开河 情哥哥偏寻根究底 An Old Village Woman Tells Tall Stories ,A Romantic Youth Insists on Following Them Up(杨、戴) An inventive old county woman tells a story of somewhat questionable veracity And an impressionable young listener insists on getting to the bottom of the matter(霍克斯) Romantic: Someo
8、ne who is romantic or does romantic things says and does things that make their wife, husband, girlfriend, or boyfriend feel special and loved. Impressionable: Someone who is impressionable, usually a young person, is not very critical and is therefore easy to influence. 例:宝玉且忙问刘老老:“那女孩儿大雪地里做什么抽柴火?
9、倘或冻出病来?” “Why was that girl taking firewood when the snow lay so deep? Did she catch cold?”(杨、戴) “Why was the girl out in all that snow stealing firewood?” he asked her. “She might have caught her death of cold.”(霍克斯) 例:那焙茗去后,宝玉左等也不来,右等也不来,急的热地 里蚰蜒似的。 Baoyu waited hour after hour for Mingyans return
10、, as frantic as an ant on a hot pan. (杨、戴) But once Tealeaf had gone he found the waiting very tedious, and as the day wore on and Tealeaf still failed to return, he became as fidgety as a worm on hot earth.( 霍克斯) 第35回 白玉钏亲尝莲叶羹 黄金莺巧结梅花络 例:宝玉自己烫了手,倒不觉的,只管问玉钏儿:“烫了那 里了?疼不疼?”玉钏儿和众人都笑了。 Baoyu oblivious o
11、f his own pain cried: “Where did you scald yourself, Yuchuan? Does it hurt?“(杨戴) Bao-yu, insensitive to his own pain, inquired anxiously after Silver. “Where did you scald yourself? Does it hurt?”(霍克斯) 例:这一个笑道:“怪道有人说他们家的宝玉是相貌好里头糊涂,中看不中 吃,果然竟有些呆气。他自己烫了手,倒问别人疼不疼,这可不是呆了吗! ”那个又笑道:“我前一回来,还听见他家里许多人说,千真万真有
12、些呆气 :大雨淋的水鸡儿似的,他反告诉别人:下雨了,快避雨去罢。你说可 笑不可笑?时常没人在跟前,就自哭自笑的,看见燕子就和燕子说话,河里 看见了鱼就和鱼儿说话,见了星星月亮,他不是长吁短叹的,就是咕咕哝哝 的。且一点刚性儿也没有,连那些毛丫头的气都受到了。爱惜起东西来,连 个线头儿都是好的;遭塌起来,那怕值千值万都不管了。” One of them said with a laugh, “No wonder Baoyus called a handsome foolHe scalds his own hand and asks someone else if it hurts what co
13、uld be more stupid than that?” “The last time I came here,” the other rejoined, “I heard several of those girls say hes downright cracked. When he sees a swallow he talks to the swallow, when he sees a fish in the stream he talks to the fish. He sighs or mumbles to the moon and stars, and has so lit
14、tle spirit he even puts up with the tantrums of those pert girls. When hes in a saving mood he treasures the least scrap of thread, but at other times he doesnt mind squandering millions.” (杨、戴) “Well, Ive heard people say that this Bao-yu is like a bad fruit good to look at but rotten inside,” said
15、 one of them, “and I must say Im not surprised. He must be a simpleton! Heh! heh! heh!” “He really and truly is a bit simple,” said the other oneWhat a laugh! Heh! Heh! heh! They say that when he sees a swallow he talks to the swallow, and when he sees a fish in the river he talks to the fish, and w
16、hen he sees the stars or the moon, he sighs and groans and mutters away to himself like a crazy thing. And hes as soft as a baby. Even the little maids can do what they like with him. If hes in the mood for saving, hell make a fuss over a piece of thread; but other times they smash things worth a fortune and he wont mind a bit.”(霍克斯 ) 霍译更接近日常对话,符合老妈子文化水平跟身份。 2. 林黛玉“情情”的体现 所谓“情情”,就是指对自己真情之人用情。 例:第32回 诉肺腑心迷活宝玉 含耻辱情烈死金钏 黛玉听了这话,不觉又喜又惊,又悲又叹。所喜者