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1、2011年考研英语(二)真题(完整版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also
2、 behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted ident
3、ity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of
4、private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among comp
5、anies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt d
6、escribed it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some
7、 applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned
8、by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden D2 A.for B.within C.while D.though B3 A.careless
9、 B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless D4 A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal C5 A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent D6 A.by B.into C.from D.over B7 A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared C8 A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve C9 A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize C
10、10 A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered B11 A.carryon B.lingeron C.setin D.login D12 A.Invain B.Ineffect C.Inreturn D.Incontrast B13 A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing A14 A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience B15 A.on B.after C.beyond D.across D16 A.divided B.disappointed
11、C.protected D.united C17 A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually D18 A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm A19 A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible C20 A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the fol
12、lowing four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade sh
13、e apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The p
14、osition was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If th
15、e sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearan