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1、在努力工作了一整天后，我很早上床了。 After I had worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Ing for as adverbial from the text: 1.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the Volcano will flow next. 2. Having wor
2、ked hard all day, I went to bed early. 3. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice. 4. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. 5. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am Still ama
3、zed at their beauty as well as their potential To cause great damage. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice. The ing form used as an adverbial Having + past participle (the perf
4、ect -ing form) referring to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb Using language: 动词-ing（现在分词） 作状语 V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与 谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时发生的，或 是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一 致。V-ing 作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、 伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。 I was feeling tired. I went to bed early. I work
5、ed hard all day. I went to bed early. Feeling tired, I went to bed early. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. 作时间状语作时间状语 Walking along the street, I met Mary. =While I was walking along the street,I met Mary . Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. 作原因状语作原因状语 Being tired, I stopped
6、to take a rest. =Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 作条件状语作条件状语 Turning to the left, you will find the school. =If you turn the left, you will find the school. If you work hard, youll succeed. =Working hard, youll succeed. 作让步状语作让
7、步状语 Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. =Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me. 作伴随状语作伴随状语 1. I stood there, waiting for her. = I stood there, and waited for her. 2. The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. =The children ran out of the room,
8、 laughing and talking merrily. 表结果 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her a large fortune. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her a large fortune) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country, _ . making it the most popular song 如V-ing 表动作发生在谓语之前,则要用V-ing 完成式:Having +P.P(过去分词), 主
9、语+谓语 Having +been +P.P(过去分词), 1. After she had finished her work, she went home. 2. As we have invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture. 3.After the class had been cleaned ，it was tidy Having finished her work, she went home. Having invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lect
10、ure. Having been cleaned, the classroom was tidy. Attention Please 1. -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与 主句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是 I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主 格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。) 1.Addicting himself to playing violin, he didnt notice the thief enter t
11、he house. 2.Addicted to playing violin, he didnt notice the thief enter the house. Given more time, well do it better. 2.-ing形式作状语时, 与逻辑主语必须是主 动。若构成被动，或表示状态，则用-ed形式， 如exposed to, bathed in, absorbed in, dressed in, lost in, trapped in, accustomed to, 与逻辑主语构成独立主格： As all the tickets have been sold ou
12、t, they went away disappointedly. = All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. If time permits, we will go out for a picnic. = Time permitting, well go out for a picnic. this being my experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 独立主格结构。 =As this is my experience, I sta
13、yed at the top and watched them. =This is my experience, so I stayed at the top and watched them. 独立主格结构由“名词/代词形容词/副词/现在分词 /过去分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/数词”(非谓语)构成， 在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、 伴随状语等。 If weather permits, well go out for a picnic. Weather _, well go out for a picnic. As there is no bus, I walked home. T
14、here _no bus, I walked home. I went back home with work finished. Work _, I went back home. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。(表示条件) There _another chance, he will try his best. 假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。 More time_, we should have done it much better. permitting being finished given being 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+ 分词形
15、式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 1.With the teacher _ (assist) us, we can do it easily. 2. With work _(finish), they will have a rest. 3. With all the work _ (do), they will have a Hard time. (7)作独立成分： Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an teacher. 从外表看，他一定是个老师。 assisting finishe
16、d to do Grammar work 语法专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday. 2. Look out for cars when _(cross) the street. 3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt. knowing crossing having been invited 4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed. 5. _ (take) a deep breath, t
