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1、 状语从句 复习要点 1. 时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 比较状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 原因状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 方式状语从句 9. 地点状语从句 The Adverbial Clause 状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰 谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等 ,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也 是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引 导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从 九大状语从句来看,应将复习重点放在时间状语 从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语 从句这
2、四种上。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, before, after, since, etc当主句用一般现在时或表示 将来含义时,时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将 来。 Ill tell you the news when I come back. She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai. 难点链接 1、在when引导的时间状语从句中,动作可 以是表示延续的,也可以是表示瞬间的; while引导的从句中,动作一定是表示
3、延续 的 I was watching TV when Tom came in. Tom came in while I was watching TV. 2、as“当.时;一边.一边”,引导的 时间状语从句,强调主句的动作与从句的动 作同时发生,when与while也有此用法。 另外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动 作,有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句 动作之后。 As she was dancing, she was singing. Its getting colder and colder as the winter comes. 3、before “在.以前”,表示主句的动
4、作 发生在从句动作之前;after “在之后 ”,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it. I went to bed after I finished homework. 4、until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在 肯定句中表示“直到为止”,主句要用 延续性动词。 My mother waited till/until I came back. 在否定句中,until/till表示“直到 才”,主句通常
5、用瞬间动词。这时until可 用before替换。常构成:notuntil结构 ,有时可用never, nothing代替not. He didnt leave until/before I came back. 5、since,ever since引导的时间状语从句 ,表示主句动作开始的时间,译为“自. 以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时 ,从句用一般过去时,常用句型为: It has beensince从句;It is +一段时间 +since从句。(对 since 引导的时间状语 提问要用how long). Its ten years since I worked in the h
6、ospital. He has taught us maths since he came here. Where have you been since I saw you last? 6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句注意 时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓 语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过 去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在 时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。 By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have fi
7、nished this work. 7、由each time, every time和whenever 引导的时间状语从句。 Each time she came to Hainan, she would call on me. Whenever you go, I will follow you! You grow younger every time I see you. 8、 as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后, 意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时,情 态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句 用一般现在时。如: My brother went out as so
8、on as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua 时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点: until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分 小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。
9、since 引导的时间状语 是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间 状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般 将来时,从句
10、用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条 件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如 : I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与 主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he w
11、ill come here tomorrow 注意: 在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。 1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(特别是用 as soon as 引导从句时 ):The boy will be a writer when he grows up. Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 2) 主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时: When the lights are red, the traffic must stop. 3) 主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时: Please dont go to bed
12、 before you finish your homework. 4) 主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态: I liked reading when I was young. 5)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式 ,其含义是“一直到时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式 ,其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 例如: The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob
13、 comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成 了固定的句型,如: 句型1:Where 从句,(there+)主句。 Where bees are, there is honey. 重点提示: 此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”;主句在从句后面时,there 可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there. 句型2:Anywhere/Wherever从句,主句。 Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen. Wherever
14、 he goes, Ill go. 重点提示: anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词 ,意思相似于wherever。anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前, 也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处 、无论何处”。 三、原因状语语从句 由because, as, since, for等词词引导导 1)because表示的往往是读读者不了解的、不明显显的原因,是全句 叙述的重点,语语气最强,只能用because回答由疑问词问词 why引导导的 疑问问句。该从句一般位于主句后; He was absent from the meeting th
15、at day because he had a bad cold. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 重点提示: because不能与并列连词连词 so同时时在句中使用。 She was late for school because she missed the bus. = She missed the bus, so she was late for school. 2)Since是指分析后的原因,读者多少了解,不是全部叙述的重 点,语气较弱。 since比as正式,两者不回答why引导的问句 ,而且其从句一般放在句
16、首。 Since you have read the story, I wont tell you again. Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. 3)As 表示读者了解的明显原因,不是全句叙述的重点,较口语 化,语气较弱。 As I was in a hurry, I left my book at home. As I knew he was ill, I didnt call him. 4)有because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号 ,则可用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而 是对多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。 He is absent today, because /for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 重点提示: (1)because表示直接原因,语气最强。because引导的原因状语 从句多放在