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1、1ChapterIOverviewChapterIOverviewSincethe1992UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentglobalsustainabledevelopmenthasundergoneprofoundchanges.Sustainabledevelopmenthasgraduallybecomeaninternationalconsensuswithdeeperinternationalandregionalcooperation.Countriesthroughouttheworldhavemadehuge
2、progressinpromotingsustainabledevelopmentandachievingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.AtthesametimeglobalsustainabledevelopmentisalsofacedwithseriouschallengessuchasrapidpopulationgrowthincreasingpovertyNorth-Southunevendevelopmentsevereenvironmentalpollutionreductionofbiodiversitydesertificationandglo
3、balclimatechange.The2012UnitedNationsConferenceonSustainableDevelopmenttreating“greeneconomywithinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandpovertyeradication”and“institutionalframeworkforsustainabledevelopment”asitstwothemesandregarding“assessingtheprogressandimplementationgapsinmeetingalreadyagreedcomm
4、itments”“addressingnewandemergingchallenges”and“securingrenewedpoliticalcommitmenttosustainabledevelopment”asitsobjectiveswillhelpconcernedpartiesreachaconsensusfurtherpromotingsustainabledevelopmentattheglobalregionalandnationallevels.OverthepasttwodecadesChinabasedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingint
5、heacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesseshasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopmentactivelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallengesandachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopmenthigherpeopleslivingstandardsandremarkableprogressinpopulat
6、ioncontrolpopulationqualityimprovementresourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.OntheotherhandasadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationChinaisconfrontedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill12
7、2millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.MoreovergiventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentalconstraintsoneconomicdevelopmentpronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregionsandweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacitiesChinastillfacesanarduoustaskofimprovingpeopleslivelihood.ThereforeChinawillfurthertransitsdevelopme
8、ntmindsetinnovatenewmodesofdevelopmentsolvetheproblemsofimbalanceduncoordinatedandunsustainabledevelopmentandimprovethecapacityofsustainabledevelopmentandthelevelofecologicalcivilizationsoastomakegreatercontributionstoglobalsustainabledevelopment.THEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINANATIONALREPORTONSUSTAINABLED
9、EVELOPMENT23ChapterIOverviewSection1OverallProgressofChinasSustainableDevelopment1.1.1ConnotationsofsustainabledevelopmentconstantlyenrichedanddevelopedbyChinaTheideaofharmonybetweenmanandnatureisanimportantcomponentofthetraditionalvaluesofChinesecivilization.TheChinesegovernmenthasparticipatedinthr
10、eemilestoneconferencesi.e.theUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironment(alsoknownastheStockholmConference)UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(alsoreferredtoastheRioConference)andtheJohannesburgWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment(alsoknownastheJohannesburgSummit)whicharevitalfortheat
11、ionanddevelopmentoftheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentandChinaisoneofthefirstfewcountriestoproposeandimplementsustainabledevelopmentstrategies.Afterthe1992UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmenttheChinesegovernmentissued“ChinasAgenda21WhitePaperonChinasPopulationEnvironmentandDevelopmentin
12、the21stCentury”inMarch1994andthenin1996incorporatedsustainabledevelopmentintonationalstrategiesandbeganitsfullimplementation.SincetheturntoanewcenturyChinahasfurtherdeepeneditsunderstandingoftheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment.In2003Chinaproposedthescientificoutlookondevelopmentwithpeople-orient
13、edcomprehensivecoordinatedandsustainablefeatures.ThescientificoutlookondevelopmentisamajortheoryputforwardbyChinathatbasedonitsownrealitiessummarizesdevelopmentpracticesdrawsonforeignexperienceaswellasadaptstonewdevelopmentsituationsathomeandabroad.ItisthetheoreticalwisdomoftheChinesepeopleandthegui
14、dingprincipleofthecountryseconomicandsocialdevelopment.Since2003Chinahasproposedadvancedconceptssuchasaresource-savingandenvironment-friendlysocietyaninnovation-orientedcountryecologicalcivilizationandgreendevelopmentandcontinuouslyputthemintopractice.Box1-1BasicconnotationsoftheScientificOutlookonD
15、evelopmentThescientificoutlookondevelopmenttakesdevelopmentasitstoppriorityputtingpeoplefirstasitscorecomprehensivebalancedandsustainabledevelopmentasitsbasicrequirementandoverallconsiderationasitsfundamentalapproach.Itssaretointegratetheurbanandruraldevelopmentregionaldevelopmenteconomicandsocialde
16、velopmentharmoniousdevelopmentbetweenmanandnaturedomesticdevelopmentandopeningtotheoutsideworld.ItsimportantgoalsaretomakesurethattheaimsandoutcomesofalltheworkofthePartyandthestatearetorealizesafeguardandexpandthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityofthepeoplerespecttheprincipalpositionofthepeoplegiveplaytotheircreativityprotecttheirrightsandinterestsandpromotetheirall-rounddevelopmentandsocialprogress.1.1.2ProgressmadebyChinainkeyareasProgressachievedineconomicrestructuringandt
