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1、Naming Inorganic CompoundsIntroduction：1.10 million known chemical substances.Need to establish a set of rules leading to informative, systematic name for each substance.2.Nomenclature: basic rules for naming simple compounds (organic compounds,inorganic compounds)Contents of current section：1.Prepa
2、ratory materials（names of common elements in the periodic table)；2.Ionic compounds (cations, anions,compounds)；3.Acids；4.Molecular compoundsCommon Elements：Ac-Actinium锕, Ag-Silver, Al-Aluminum, Ar-Argon, As-Arsenic, Au-Gold, B-Boron, Ba-Barium, Be-Beryllium, Bi-Bismuth, Br-Bromine, C-Carbon, Ca-Calc
3、ium, Cd-Cadmium, Ce-Cerium铈, Cl-Chlorine, Co-Cobalt, Cr-Chromium, Cs-Cesium铯, Cu-Copper, F-Fluorine, Fe-Iron,Ga-Gallium镓, Ge-Germanium锗, H-Hydrogen, He-Helium, Hg-Mercury, I-Iodine, In-Indium, Ir-Iridium铱, K-Potassium, Kr-Krypton, La-Lanthanum镧, Li-Lithium, Mg-Magnesium, Mn-Manganese, Mo-Molybdenum钼
4、, N-Nitrogen, Na-Sodium, Nb-Niobium铌, Nd-Neodymium钕, Ne-Neon, Ni-Nickel, O-Oxygen, Os-Osmium锇, P-Phosphorus, Pb- Lead, Pd-Palladium钯, Po-Polonium钋,Pt-Platinum, Pu-Plutonium钚, Ra-Radium, Rb-Rubidium铷, Re-Rhenium铼, Rn-Radon氡, Ru-Ruthenium钌, S-Sulfur, Sb-Antimony锑, Sc-Scandium钪, Se-Selenium硒, Si-Silico
5、n, Sm-Samarium钐, Sn-Tin,Sr-Strontium锶, Ta-Tantalum钽, Te-Tellurium, Ti-Titanium, Tl-Thallium, U-Uranium, V-Vanadium钒，W-Tungsten, Xe-Xenon, Y-Yttrium钇, Zn-Zinc, Zr-Zirconium锆Ionic compoundsGeneral rule :The names of ionic compounds are based on the names of the ions of which they are composed. The pos
6、itive ion (cation) is always named first and listed first in writing the formula for the compound. The negative ion (anion) is named and written last.Eg.：NaCl (sodium chloride)Naming cationsMonatomic ions (take the name of the element itself)Zn2+ (zinc ion), Al3+ (aluminum ion)Note: for an element (
7、especially transition metals) with more than 1 positive ion, the positive charge of the ion is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the metal:Fe2+ - iron (II) ion, Cu+ -copper (I) ionIf unsure, use the Roman numeral designation of charges as part of the name.Naming catio
8、nsNote: A widely used older method to distinguish between two differently charged ions of a metal is to apply the ending ous for the lower charged ions or -ic for the higher charged ions, respectively. They are added to the root of the Latin name of the element.Eg.：Fe2+ (ferrous ion), Cu+ (cuprous i
9、on) Fe3+ (ferric ions), Cu2+ (cupric ion)Naming cationsPolyatomic cations: Groups of atoms with a positive charge.NH4+ - ammonium ion Hg22+ -mercury (I) ion or mercurous ionNote: Hg2+ -mercury (II) ion, or mercuric ionCommon ions：Cations: ammonium, cesium, copper(I) or cuprous, hydrogen, lithium, po
10、tassium, silver,sodium.(+1 ions); barium, cadmium, calcium, cobalt(II) or cobaltous, copper(II) or cupric,iron(II) or ferrous, lead(II) or plumbous,magnesium, manganese(II) or manganous,mercury(I) or mercurous, mercury(II) or mercuric, nickel, strontium, tin(II) or stannous, zinc.(2+ ions); aluminum
11、, chromium(III) or chromic, iron(III) or ferric.(3+ ions)Naming anions Monatomic anions (named by dropping the ending of the name of the element and adding the ending -ide ):Naming anionsPolyatomic anionsNote: only a few polyatomic anions end in -ide:OH- hydroxide ion, CN- cyanide ion O22- peroxide
12、ion, N3- azide ionNaming anionsOxyanions (polyatomic and oxygen-containing):when an element forms two oxyanions, the name of the one containing more oxygen ends in-ate; the name of the one with less oxygen ends in -ite:Eg.：NO2- nitrite ion, SO32- sulfite ion ,NO3- nitrate ion, SO42- sulfate ionNamin
13、g anionsNote: when the series of anions of a given element extends to three or four members,prefixes are also employed. The prefix hypo-indicates less oxygen, and per- more oxygen:Eg: ClO- hypochlorite ion, ClO2- chlorite ion ClO3- chlorate ion, ClO4- perchlorate ion chlor-root of chlorineNaming ani
14、onsPractice: selenate ion (?); selenite ion (?) perbromate (?) , hypobromite (?)Note: exceptions to rules: permanganate ion is MnO4-, manganate ion is MnO42-. ferrate-(or perferrate) FeO4-，chromate CrO42-, dichromate Cr2O72-Naming anionsPolyatomic anions with hydrogen ionsThese ions are named by pre
15、fixing the word hydrogen or dihydrogen, as appropriate,to the name of the hydrogen-free anion.Alternative way is to use the prefix bi-:Eg.：HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate ) ion; HSO4- hydrogen sulfate ( or bisulfate) ion; H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate ionCommon ionsAnions: acetate, azide, bro
16、mide, chlorate,chloride, cyanide, dihydrogen phosphate,fluoride, hydride, hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate, hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, hydroxide, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, permanganate, thiocyanate, cyanate. (1- ions);carbonate, chromate, dichromate, ferrate,hydrogen phosphate, oxide, peroxide, sulfate,sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate.(2- ions); nitride,phosphate, phos
