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1、专题十六词义猜测 1.构词猜词法:掌握考纲规 定的词汇 后,利用构词法 的基本知识理解单词 的意义。这要求我们要了解 英语构词法中常用的词根、前缀和后缀含义及功能,准确地推测 出它们相互组合形成的整体词义 。 2.上下语境法:词不离句,句不离篇;篇中求句,句中识词 。猜测词 义最常用到的方法是结合上下文的语境,即文章的意义、线索和 内在逻辑 关系进行猜测。通常情况下,所考词汇 与上下文所提示 的意义通常存在同义、反义或解释等的关系,可直接确定词义 。 要做好词义 猜测题 ,考生既要掌握基本的构词方 法,还要学会根据上下文语意,运用一定的猜词技 巧,进行合理的推测,词义 猜测题 常用的解题方法
2、有: 3.词句代入法:词句代入法是指把四个选项 分别代入所要猜词的 词句处,结合语意、句法和内在逻辑进 行综合判断,从而理解词句 意义。 4.指代分析法:考查指代关系的题目通常为就近指代,解题时 一要 分析代词的对象和特征:指人还是物、单数还是复数、主格还是 宾格等;二要结合上下文意义和逻辑 通篇考虑,正确的选项 意义 上是通顺的,并且逻辑 上是合理的。 北京大学 张雪睿 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 Passage 1(2017全国,D) A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain
3、drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components
4、required,though,are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or
5、 rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe s
6、ide of the hole. Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥 体) with 45-degree- angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than th
7、ree inches above,the cup. 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshme
8、nt out through the tube,and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 【语篇解读】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水 资源短缺的区域,这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.Its delicate. B.Its expensive. C.Its complex.D.Its port
9、able. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章第一段的“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知,这种集 水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在 腰带上。 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.The tube.B.The still. C.The hole.D.The cup. 【答案
10、】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“To construct a working still.”和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是the still 。 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still? A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place. C.Weight the sheets center down. D.Cover the hole with the plastic
11、 sheet. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴 覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布 的中心。因此选C项。 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 4.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the
12、cup from . A.the plastic tubeB.outside the hole C.the open air D.beneath the sheet 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup.”可知,这种蒸馏 器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上 聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到
13、杯子里。 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 Passage 2(2017全国,B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968,when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me.I dont know how
14、many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from
15、a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:humorous,aggressive,and making fun of each other but always with an underlying affection.Tho
16、se were also at the core (核心 )of our relationship off the screen. 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练 We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly,but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by s
