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1、(全国通用版)版高考英语大一轮复习UnitAstronomy讲义 作者： 日期：2 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途。内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯 Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars重点单词1system n系统；体系；制度2theory n学说；理论3atmosphere n大气层；气氛4unlike prep.不同；不像5fundamental adj.基本的；基础的6multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加7satellite n卫星；人造卫星8crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落9float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n
2、漂浮物10astronomy n天文学astronomer n天文学家astronaut n宇航员11religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的12globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的13violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力；激烈；猛烈violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地14harmful adj.有害的harm n& vt.损害；伤害；危害harmless adj.无害的15puzzle n谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.感到困惑的
3、puzzling adj.令人困惑的16biology n生物学biologist n生物学家17physicist n物理学家physics n物理学 18climate n气候weather n天气19pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力push n& vt.推；推动，推进20exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存21exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽exhaustion n耗尽；枯竭；精疲力尽exhausted adj.耗尽的；用完的；精疲力尽的exhausting adj.使耗尽的；使人精疲力尽的重点短语1matchwith 使和相匹配2in_ti
4、me 及时；终于3give_birth_to 产生；分娩4in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着 5preventfrom 阻止；制止 6block_out 挡住(光线)7cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋 8now_that 既然 9break_out 突发；爆发10watch_out 密切注意；当心；提防 11think ofas 把看作是 12come_into_being 产生；形成13make_a_trip 去旅行 14get_close_to 接近 15step_forward 向前迈步重点句型1“make itadj./n.to do sth”结构This produced
5、a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(教材P26)2“Abe倍数as形容词或副词原级asB”的倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(教材P31)3now that引导原因状语从句“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has chan
6、ged.”(教材P31)语法要点主语从句What it was to become was uncertain until between 45 and 38 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.(教材P25)Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.(教材P26)1harmfuladj.有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed t
7、he earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)be harmful to对有害(2)(3)harmless adj.无害的Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。Ai
8、r pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.由汽车产生的空气污染和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless (harm) phrase.这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。2existv
9、i.存在；生存(没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(教材P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)(2)(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。There exists a generation gap between the
10、 young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)关于宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。By embracing other cultures, we actually broaden our horizons, rather than narrow any existing (exist) ones. 通过接纳其他文化，我们实际上拓宽了视野，而不是让现有的范围变得狭窄。3puzzlevt.(使)迷惑；
11、(使)为难；(使)窘困vi.感到迷惑n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(教材P27)地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得难解决的最大难题之一。(1)(2)(3)puzzlement n迷茫；困惑The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。She managed to puzzle out the meanin
12、g of that long sentence.她总算把那个长句的意思揣摩出来了。Where the lost boy has gone still remains a puzzle to us.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。The whole business is very puzzling (puzzle). There is a lot more to it than meets the eye.整件事令人非常费解，远比看起来复杂。4pulln& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back
13、into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.(教材P30)随着火箭的升空，因为我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推回到座位上。pull back 撤回；后悔pull down 拆毁；摧毁；把往下拉；使下跌pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；(使)退出；(列车)出站pull over (车辆)向路边停靠；驶向路边pull through康复，痊愈；度过难关pull up 拔起；停车；阻止Several houses were pulled down t
14、o make way for the new road.为了给新修的道路让路，几座房屋被拆毁了。The police car signalled to us to pull in/over.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。The doctor told me that I would pull through.医生告诉我我会康复的。1in time及时；终于；总有一天They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.(教材P2526)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。on time 准时；按时in no time 立即；马上
