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1、. . . .2012年全国“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛2012 National “Challenge Cup”Competition for college studentsextracurricular academic and technology works面向农户收益的农产品流通方式研究 基于农产品交易成本视角下的思考Research On Profitable Agricultural Products Circulation For Peasants Reflection on Perspective Of Agricultural Products Transacti
2、on Cost完成日期：2012年11月28日Complete On ： 2012/11/28目 录摘要4英文摘要51 导论61.1选题的背景及意义6 1.2研究的思路和方法8 1.2.1研究思路8 1.2.2研究方法9 1.3理论综述与文献回顾9 1.3.1理论综述9 1.3.2文献回顾102 农产品价格构成及利润分配的理论研究10 2.1 农产品的概念、范围及分类10 2.2本文研究的典型农产品代表11 2.2.1农产品价格的基本构成及形成机制11 2.2.2国内农产品利润控制主体和农民成本-收益分析11 2.3国内农产品典型流通方式分析15 2.4调研小组第一阶段实地调研案例分析172.
3、4.1调研研究对象的理论分析和调查假设17 2.4.2宜昌到武汉各地蔬菜价格对比202.4.3宜昌蔬菜生产基地到本市及武汉的流通成本分析 23 2.4.4武汉市流通渠道透视25 2.4.5武汉市消费者蔬菜购买行为分析27 2.4.6调研第一阶段的结论293 农产品交易成本理论30 3.1交易成本的界定30 3.1.1交易成本的由来和发展30 3.1.2交易成本、流通方式和农民收益的关系30 3.1.3农户交易成本的组成和影响因素31 3.2本文对武汉农产品交易成本指标的选择33 3.3交易成本对农民选择初级交易方式的影响38 3.3.1农产品销售方式的界定38 3.3.2国内外学者对影响的分析
4、与预测39 3.4交易成本经济学视角：中介组织流通销售的必然性423.5古典经济学视角：信息、利益的博弈下中介组织的利润“败德”494基于交易成本的调研方案与模型构建及分析524.1调研基本情况介绍52 4.1.1调研目的52 4.1.2调研方式和方法52 4.1.3调研对象和地点534.1.4调研时间安排564.2调研方案所基于的假设574.3农产品交易成本调研584.3.1东西湖区惠安村调研情况584.3.2其他地点调研情况介绍594.4数据来源和统计604.5研究方法634.5.1研究所基于的流通方式等级分类64 4.5.2研究方法674.5.3变量描述性分析705 估计结果与分析及其检
5、验725.1估计结果分析与假设验证725.2效度检验776结论与政策启示77附录一：武汉市消费者购买行为及需求问卷81附录二：对武汉市蔬菜供给地之一宜昌夷陵农业区农户问卷82附录四：农户调查问卷采访稿85附录四：调研地点简介88附录五：调研期间部分采访稿90附录六：调研期间实地图片91参考文献98摘 要近年来，中国农产品进入了一个明显的价格上升阶段，但农民并未从中获得明显收益。相反，蔬菜、水果等鲜活农产品价格不稳定，“卖难买贵”、“滞销”等现象屡见不鲜，关于农产品流通问题的研究已然成为专家学者和社会广泛关注的热门课题。许多学者在农产品流通方面做了研究，然而多数处于摸索阶段，在理论基础和对策的可
6、行性方面还有待进一步发展。本文深入了解研究了农产品流通的相关理论，在总结前人研究的基础上，选定了交易成本理论作为我们的切入点，经过假设、分析、修正的过程，建立了农产品流通方式本质分析体系，并利用该体系对武汉市、宜昌市不同组织模式的农户进行了实证分析。本文首先阐述了农产品的价格构成及各环节利润分配，然后就交易成本理论重点展开分析，提出理论假设。在研究方法上，本文主要采用问卷调查法、实地调研法等方法，取得第一手数据，并运用SPSS18.0软件和Probit模型对问卷进行了项目分析、信度分析，保证了问卷的可靠性和稳定性。同时，运用本研究构建的交易成本理论体系，对湖北省宜昌市和武汉市农产品供应基地、批
7、发市场和超级市场农产品的五种流通方式的交易成本调查数据进行了系统深入地析，研究结果表明，农民组织化程度低、农产品信息不对称、流通环节过多成为了农民进入市场共享利益的主要障碍，因此结合国内外经验，提出改革传统流通方式，发展新型的农业流通领域合作组织、形成具有规模效益的流通模式与创造良好的制度环境的发展思路。关键词：农产品价格； 流通方式 ；交易成本； 农民组织化程度； 武汉农产品生产基地Abstract In recent years, Chinas agricultural products have moved into a significant price rise stage, but
8、 the farmers did not derive significant income. In contrast, fresh vegetables, fruits and other agricultural products price is instable, difficult in selling while expensive in purchasing, unsalable products are common occurrences, research on the circulation of agricultural products has become a ho
9、t topic for experts, scholars and has attracted community-wide concern. Many scholars in the circulation of agricultural products, however, the majority is in the exploratory stage, needing to be further developed in the feasibility of the theoretical basis and countermeasures. This paper has conduc
10、ted in-depth understanding of research related to the theory of the circulation of agricultural products, selected on the basis of previous studies, and we chose the transaction cost theory as our entry point. Through assumptions, analysis and correction process, we established the analysis of the n
11、ature of circulation of agricultural products analysis system and we implemented the empirical analysis on the system of farmers of different organizational models in Wuhan, Yichang City. This paper firstly described the agricultural products price structure and profit distribution in different segm
12、ents. Then, we focus on transaction cost theory to analyze proposed theoretical assumptions. Research methods include questionnaires, field research and other methods to obtain first-hand data and we used SPSS18.0 software with Probit models project. In the SPSS analysis, we implemented questionnair
13、e, reliability analysis, to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire and stability. At the same time, the use of the system of transaction cost theory constructed in this study has deepened the study of costs of the five ways of distribution of agricultural supply base in Yichang City, Hubei Prov
14、ince and Wuhan City, using agricultural products wholesale markets and supermarkets survey data. Finally the results show that low level of organization of farmers, agricultural information asymmetry, the excessive circulation become a major obstacle for farmers to obtain the market shared profit in
15、 the market. Therefore, this paper used the domestic and international experience for reference, proposed a reform on the traditional way of circulation, which includes the development of new agricultural circulating cooperative Organization and the formation of scale circulation patterns. We believe this will create a good profitable environment for the peasants.Keywords: Prices of agric
