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1、,形容词和副词,一、定义,说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。,形容词,a beautiful castle,She looks so happy.,1作定语,There are many _colourful_flowers in the park. The boy is old_enough to go to school. He has something_interesting to tell his mother.,放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。,二、用法及位置,注意：基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。 如：a 5yea
2、rold girl，five-minute walk,2作表语 Mother looked happy when she received our presents.,一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：,glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,sure,ready,afraid,able,easy,difficult,+to do sth.,be,放在系动词之后。,系动词有：look,feel,taste,smell,sound等。,常见形容词有good/ bad, rich/ poor, young/ old, deaf/ blind, black/ white
3、, living/ dead 等。,4“the形容词”表示一类人或物。,The poor dont have their own houses.,3作宾语补足语 You must keep your eyes closed_when you do eye exercise.,放在宾语之后。,5常见形容词词尾： -n .的人 -y 充满.的，多.的 -en .材质的 -al 有.属性的 -ern .方位的 -able 可能的，可以的 -ful .的 -less 无.的,Indian,American rainy,snowy wooden personal,natural eastern,sout
4、hern confortable helpful ,useful careless,endless,anything else?,（1）有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。 这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。,（2）有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如： friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。,注意：,（3）以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。 如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的) exciting(令人兴奋的)，excited（兴奋的）,（4）常见形容
5、词的近义词归类。 largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dearexpensive， brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick， nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely,1.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze) 2.I wont do business with such a(n) _ man. (honest) 3.The man was still _ whe
6、n he was sent to the hospital. (life) 4.He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a _ citizen. (Canada) 5.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth. (harm) 6.We have very _ weather here, especially in the winter. (change) 7.We should save _ expenses. (necessary) 8.Some parents c
7、hoose _ presents for their children. (education),词性变换,frozen,dishonest,alive,Canadian,harmful,changeable,unnecessary,educational,副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。,一、定义,副词,Horses run fast .,He never goes to school early .,(1)时间副词。 如：now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago等。 (2
8、)地点副词。 如：here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down等。 (3)方式副词。 如：hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly等。 (4)频度副词： 如：always, often, frequently, seldom, never，sometimes,二、分类,(5)程度副词。 如:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等。 (6)疑问副词。 如:how,when,why,where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。 (7)关系副词。 如:when,where,why (放在引导的定语从句句首
9、)。 (8)连接副词。 如:how,where,why,whether等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。,副词修饰动词作状语，位于动词后; 修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前； 修饰副词作状语位于另一副词前。 例如：He walked quietly into his bedroom. You have a very nice watch. You are driving too fast.,三、用法及位置,位置 (1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系
10、动词之后。 He usually has lunch in the factory. The boy is often late for class.,(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。 I have enough money to buy the book. Hes tall enough to get the book down.,(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。 They went swimming in the r
11、iver yesterday. Yesterday they went swimming in the river.,(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。 My father works hard. Tom speaks Chinese very well. Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,(5)“及物动词副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。 Can I
12、 try on the shoes，please? Dont cut it down!,(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。 Im very sad to hear that. (7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。 Suddenly he had a good idea.,(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 The pictures on the wall are nice. (2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。 The man is very tall.,形容词、
13、副词原级用法,(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB” English is as important as Chinese. 否定句中的结构：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB” I am not so fast as Lucy.,表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构。(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字times) Our school is three times as big as his. This table is twice as long as that one. “half as形容词原级
14、as”表示“是的一半”。 His apples are half as many as his sisters.,1. 规则变化 1) 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er ， 最高级est 如： clevercleverercleverest, fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest等。 2) 以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st 即可。 如： nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化,3) 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或est。如: easyeas
15、iereasiest , happyhappierhappiest 再如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。 4)多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most少数单音节词也是这样，如： pleasedmore pleasedthe most pleased tiredmore tiredthe most tired 5)中读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级er ，最高级est如： big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest,2. 不规则变化： good better best well better best badworse worst many / much more most far farther farthest (距离远) far further furthest (程度深) old elder eldest (长幼) old older oldest (年龄),用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。 1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.
