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1、马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹 The Ballot or the Bullet Mr.Moderator,BrotherLomax,brothersandsisters,friendsandenemies:Ijustcantbelieveeveryoneinhereisafriend,andIdontwanttoleaveanybodyout.Thequestiontonight,asIunderstandit,isTheNegroRevolt,andWhereDoWeGoFromHere?orWhatNext?Inmylittlehumblewayofunderstandingit,itpo
2、intstowardeithertheballotorthebullet. Beforewetryandexplainwhatismeantbytheballotorthebullet,Iwouldliketoclarifysomethingconcerningmyself.ImstillaMuslim;myreligionisstillIslam.Thatsmypersonalbelief.JustasAdamClaytonPowellisaChristianministerwhoheadstheAbyssinianBaptistChurchinNewYork,butatthesametim
3、etakespartinthepoliticalstrugglestotryandbringaboutrightstotheblackpeopleinthiscountry;andDr.MartinLutherKingisaChristianministerdowninAtlanta,Georgia,whoheadsanotherorganizationfightingforthecivilrightsofblackpeopleinthiscountry;andReverendGalamison,Iguessyouveheardofhim,isanotherChristianministeri
4、nNewYorkwhohasbeendeeplyinvolvedintheschoolstoeliminatesegregatededucation;well,Imyselfamaminister,notaChristianminister,butaMuslimminister;andIbelieveinactiononallfrontsbywhatevermeansnecessary. AlthoughImstillaMuslim,Imnotheretonighttodiscussmyreligion.Imnotheretotryandchangeyourreligion.Imnothere
5、toargueordiscussanythingthatwedifferabout,becauseitstimeforustosubmergeourdifferencesandrealizethatitisbestforustofirstseethatwehavethesameproblem,amonproblem,aproblemthatwillmakeyoucatchhellwhetheryoureaBaptist,oraMethodist,oraMuslim,oranationalist.Whetheryoureeducatedorilliterate,whetheryouliveont
6、heboulevardorinthealley,youregoingtocatchhelljustlikeIam.Wereallinthesameboatandweallaregoingtocatchthesamehellfromthesameman.Hejusthappenstobeawhiteman.Allofushavesufferedhere,inthiscountry,politicaloppressionatthehandsofthewhiteman,economicexploitationatthehandsofthewhiteman,andsocialdegradationat
7、thehandsofthewhiteman. Nowinspeakinglikethis,itdoesntmeanthatwereanti-white,butitdoesmeanwereanti-exploitation,wereanti-degradation,wereanti-oppression.Andifthewhitemandoesntwantustobeanti-him,lethimstopoppressingandexploitinganddegradingus.WhetherweareChristiansorMuslimsornationalistsoragnosticsora
8、theists,wemustfirstlearntoforgetourdifferences.Ifwehavedifferences,letusdifferinthecloset;whenweeoutinfront,letusnothaveanythingtoargueaboutuntilwegetfinishedarguingwiththeman.IfthelatePresidentKennedycouldgettogetherwithKhrushchevandexchangesomewheat,wecertainlyhavemoreinmonwitheachotherthanKennedy
9、andKhrushchevhadwitheachother. Ifwedontdosomethingrealsoon,Ithinkyoullhavetoagreethatweregoingtobeforcedeithertousetheballotorthebullet.Itsoneortheotherin1964.Itisntthattimeisrunningout-timehasrunout! 1964threatenstobethemostexplosiveyearAmericahaseverwitnessed.Themostexplosiveyear.Why?Itsalsoapolit
10、icalyear.Itstheyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticianswillbebackintheso-calledNegromunityjivingyouandmeforsomevotes.Theyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticalcrookswillberightbackinyourandmymunitywiththeirfalsepromises,buildingupourhopesforaletdown,withtheirtrickeryandtheirtreachery,withtheirfalsepromiseswhichtheyd
11、ontintendtokeep.Astheynourishthesedissatisfactions,itcanonlyleadtoonething,anexplosion;andnowwehavethetypeofblackmanonthesceneinAmericatoday-Imsorry,BrotherLomax-whojustdoesntintendtoturntheothercheekanylonger. Dontletanybodytellyouanythingabouttheoddsareagainstyou.Iftheydraftyou,theysendyoutoKoreaa
12、ndmakeyouface800millionChinese.Ifyoucanbebraveoverthere,youcanbebraverighthere.Theseoddsarentasgreatasthoseodds.Andifyoufighthere,youwillatleastknowwhatyourefightingfor. Imnotapolitician,notevenastudentofpolitics;infact,Imnotastudentofmuchofanything.ImnotaDemocrat.ImnotaRepublican,andIdontevenconsid
13、ermyselfanAmerican.IfyouandIwereAmericans,theredbenoproblem.ThoseHonkiesthatjustgotofftheboat,theyrealreadyAmericans;PolacksarealreadyAmericans;theItalianrefugeesarealreadyAmericans.EverythingthatcameoutofEurope,everyblue-eyedthing,isalreadyanAmerican.AndaslongasyouandIhavebeenoverhere,wearentAmeric
14、ansyet. Well,Iamonewhodoesntbelieveindeludingmyself.Imnotgoingtositatyourtableandwatchyoueat,withnothingonmyplate,andcallmyselfadiner.Sittingatthetabledoesntmakeyouadiner,unlessyoueatsomeofwhatsonthatplate.BeinghereinAmericadoesntmakeyouanAmerican.BeingbornhereinAmericadoesntmakeyouanAmerican.Why,if
15、birthmadeyouAmerican,youwouldntneedanylegislation;youwouldntneedanyamendmentstotheConstitution;youwouldntbefacedwithcivil-rightsfilibusteringinWashington,D.C.,rightnow.Theydonthavetopasscivil-rightslegislationtomakeaPolackanAmerican. No,ImnotanAmerican.Imoneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethevictimso
16、fAmericanism.Oneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethevictimsofdemocracy,nothingbutdisguisedhypocrisy.So,ImnotstandingherespeakingtoyouasanAmerican,orapatriot,oraflag-saluter,oraflag-waver-no,notI.ImspeakingasavictimofthisAmericansystem.AndIseeAmericathroughtheeyesofthevictim.IdontseeanyAmericandream;IseeanAmericannightmare. These22millionvictimsarewakingup.Thei
