语言学试卷1-8汇总考试资料

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1、Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1. duality of structure _结构的二元性_2. General Linguistics_普通语言学_3. voiceless consonant _清辅音_4. complementary distribution _互补分布_5. free morpheme_自由词素_6. immediate constituent _直接成份_7. Componential Analysis _成份分析_8. American Structuralism

2、 _美国结构主义_9. zero morph _零语子_10. structural ambiguity _结构歧义_11. productivity _多产性 _12. linguistic competence _语言能力_13. manner of articulation _发音方法_14. intonation language _语调语言_15. allophone _音位变体_16. inflectional morpheme_曲折语素_17. phrase marker _短语标记_18. denotation _指示_19. Systemic-Functional Gramm

3、ar_系统功能语法_20. bound morpheme_粘着语素_21. cultural transmission _文化传播_22. Descriptive Linguistics _描写语言学_23. derivational morpheme_派生词素_24. consonant _辅音_25. tone language _声调语言_26. empty morph_虚语子_27. syntax _语法_28. complementary antonym_互补反义词_29. mode of discourse _话语方式_30. free variation _自有变异_31. di

4、splacement _取代_32. paradigmatic relation _集合体关系_33. voiced consonant _浊辅音_34. minimal pair _极小对_35. phoneme _音位_36. lexical ambiguity _词法的歧义性_37. connotation _内涵_38. language acquisition device _语言习得机制_39. constituency _选区_40. alien_相异_41. design feature_设计特点_42. Theoretical Linguistics_语言学_43. diph

5、thong _双元音_44. contrastive distribution_对立分布_45. translation-loan_借译词_46. ultimate constituent _主要成分_47. relational opposite _关系对立词_48. genre _类型_49. dependency_从属_50. denizen _居民_51. arbitrariness _任意_52. linguistic performance _语言行为_53. vowel_元音_54. free variation _自由变异_55. derivational morpheme _

6、派生词素_56. surface structure _表层结构_57. mode of discourse _话语方式_58. gradable antonym _分级反义词_59. Innateness Hypothesis _天赋假说_60. complementary antonym _互补反义词_61. interchangeability_可交换性_62. syntagmatic relation _结构关系_63. pure vowel _纯元音_64. intonation language_语调语言_65. bound morpheme _粘着语素_66. linguisti

7、c competence_语言能力_67. deep structure_深层结构_68. semantic field _语义场_69. context of situation _情境语境_70. manner of articulation_发音方法_71. discreteness _组件_72. Applied Linguistics _应用语言学_73. immediate constituent _直接成分_74. place of articulation _发音部位_75. phoneme_音位;音素_76. zero morph_零语子_77. structural amb

8、iguity _结构歧义_78. hyponymy _上下位关系_79. tenor of discourse _语旨_80. Componential Analysis _成分分析_Answer the following questions.回答一下问题1. What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence? 2. What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes? Illustrate it wi

9、th examples. 3. What are the three syntactic relations? Illustrate them with examples. 4. What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary? Illustrate it with examples.5. What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages? Illustrate it with examples.6. Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in terms of both function and posi

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