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1、河北农业大学 硕士学位论文 亚精胺对切花菊神马花芽分化期间内源多胺和激素的影响 姓名：杨丽 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：园林植物与观赏园艺 指导教师：杨际双 2009-05-29 摘 要 秋菊切花菊神马 （Chrysanthemum morifolium Jinba）是我国主要的出 口切花品种，花期调控是其周年生产的关键。但是现在花期调控的研究比较少。 近几年发现多胺（polyamines, PAs）与花芽分化有密切关系。本试验通过研究花 芽分化期间顶芽和叶片中内源 PAs 和激素含量的变化以及不同浓度的亚精胺 （spermidine, Spd）处理（0-1.0 mmol/L）对花芽分化期间内源
2、 PAs 和激素以及花 期的影响，研究了 PAs 和激素在神马花芽分化不同时期所起的调控作用，确 定促进神马开花的最佳 Spd 溶液浓度，为 PAs 和激素对神马花芽分化的 调节提出更全面的理论依据,以期达到对菊花进行花期调控的目的。 主要结果如下： 1. 神马花芽分化分为 9 个时期，历时 24 d 结束。花芽分化开始后腐胺 （putrescine, Put）急剧下降，此后一直保持较低的水平；顶芽中精胺（spermine, Spm）与 Spd 含量呈平行波动上升趋势，Spd 和 Spm 与总苞鳞片和小花原基分化 有密切关系，顶芽中 Spm 处于优势地位，且顶芽和叶片的变化趋势相反，可能 Sp
3、m 从叶片向顶芽中转移。 激素的结果表明，花芽分化开始后赤霉素（gibberellic acid, GA3）先升高随后 下降并保持低水平状态，花芽分化前期吲哚乙酸(Indole acetic acid，IAA)，玉米素 核苷（zeatin riboside, ZR） 、异戊烯基腺苷(isopentenyl adenosine, iPA)，脱落酸 (abscisic acid, ABA)的含量较高，后期水平较低。花芽分化期间 ABA/GA3、 CTK/GA3 比值较高，而 IAA/CTK、ABA/IAA 变化不明显。 2. 0.1 mmol/L Spd处理提高了花芽诱导前期Spd和Spm的含量，
4、 降低了顶芽前期 GA3的含量，提高了ABA的含量和ABA/GA3与CTK/GA3的比值，虽然提高了IAA 的含量，但仍低于0.01、1 mmol/L处理的含量。1 mmol/L处理提高了Put和GA3的含 量，并且抑制CTK的合成。0.1 mmol/L Spd处理效果最好，延长观赏天数，提高切 花质量，1 mmol/L Spd处理抑制开花，缩短观赏天数。此外还发现随着Spd浓度的 提高舌状花数也增多，因此Spd与小花原基的分化有密切关系。 结论：Put与GA3抑制花芽分化；Spd和Spm与总苞鳞片分化和小花原基分化有 密切关系；Spd促进小花原基数目的增多；高浓度与低浓度的IAA抑制其花芽分
5、化； CTK促进花芽分化；高含量的ABA诱导花芽分化，低含量的ABA促进花发育。 关键词：菊花；花芽分化；多胺；激素 Effects of spermidine on the contents of endogenous polyamines and hormones during flower bud differentiation of cutting chrysanthemum Jinba Author: Yang Li Major: Landscape Plant and Ornamental Horticulture Tutor: Yang Jishuang Abstacts Aut
6、umn-cutting Chrysanthemum morifolium Jinba is the most important cutting flower for exporting. To produce them all year round, it is important to control the florescence. But the study on florescence regulation was small.These years we found that polyamines (PAs) and hormones were related to the bud
7、 differentiation. In this trial we studied the changes of PAs and hormones in the apicals and leaves and how the different concentrations of spermidine (Spd) (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mmol/L) affected the endogenous PAs and hormones, as well as the florescence. Then we could know which role did the PAs and
8、 hormones played, and make sure what the best concentrations to promote florescence were. It would be benefical to bring forward the theory of controlling florescence with PAs and hormones. The main results were as follows: 1. The result showed that bud differentiation included 9 stages with 24 days
9、. After differentiation, the contents of putrescine (Put) decreased significantly and then remained low in apical buds and leaves at other stages. Both spermine (Spm) and Spd in the apical buds increased at different stages. The Spd and Spm in apical buds and leaves could be related to the involucre
10、 primordia differentiation and floret primordium differentiation. In apicals buds, Spm predominated, and was different from the leaves, maybe transported from leaves to apical buds. The study of hormones showed that after differentiation, the contents of gibberellic acid (GA3) decreased significantl
11、y and then remained low in apical buds and leaves at other stages. In the earlier stage indole acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were higher; they decreased later. During the flower bud differentiation the ratio of ABA/ GA3 and that of CTK/G
12、A3 were higher than that at vegetative stage, but the ratioes of IAA/CTK and ABA/IAA changed little. 2. The contents of Spd, Spm and ABA were promoted at early stage, so as the ratio of ABA/GA3 and CTK/GA3 with the treatment of 0.1 mmol/L. But the contents of GA3 decreased. Although the contents of
13、IAA increased, it was lower than that of the other two treatments. The contents of Put and GA3 were increased at early stages with the treatment of 1 mmol/L, and inhibited the CTK. In addition, the higher was the concentration, the more were the number of ray florets. In conclusion, Put and GA3 inhi
14、bited floral bud differentiaion, but CTK promoted it. The Spd in apical buds and leaves could be related to floret primordium differentiation. Higher concentration of IAA inhibited it, and lower one promoted it. High contents of ABA could induce the floral bud differentiation, and low ones promote i
15、t development. Key words: Chrysanthemum morifolium; flower bud differentiation; polyamine; hormone 中英文对照及缩写词目录 缩写符号 英文名称 中文名称 PAs Polyamines 多胺 Spd Spermidine 亚精胺 Spm Spermine 精胺 GA Gibberellic acid 赤霉素 IAA Indole acetic acid 吲哚乙酸 ZR Zeatin riboside 玉米素核苷 iPA Isopentenyl adenosine 异戊烯基腺苷 CTK Cytokin
16、in 细胞分裂素 Eth Ethylene 乙烯 ABA Abscisic acid 脱落酸 SA Salicylicacid 水杨酸 独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的 研究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其 他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 河北农业大学河北农业大学 或其他教 育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何 贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。 学位论文作者签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 河北农业大学河北农业大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规 定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查 阅和借阅。本人授权河北农业大学河北农业大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关 数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 学位论文作者签名：
