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1、Lecture 5,American Literature,Objectives,Enable the Ss to know how to appreciate poems by analyzing Edgar Allan Poes “Annabel Lee” from the perspective of form and theme etc. Enable the Ss to analyze form and themes of Walt Whitmans poems; Enable the Ss to appreciate form and themes of Emily Dickins
2、ons poems,Teaching Materials,Edgar Allan Poe “Annabel Lee” “To Helen” Walt Whitman “O Captain, My Captain” Emily Dickinsons,Teaching Methodology,Lecturing Text-analysis,Manifesto,In 1836 the publication of Nature by Emerson pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Trans
3、cendentalism. Nature is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism. It says in the book:,A Psalm of Life (生命之歌),朗费罗人生颂 A Psalm of Life 年青人的心对歌者说的话,不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我：Tell me not, in mornful numbers, “人生不过是一场幻梦！” “Life is but an empty dream!“ 灵魂睡着了，就等于死了， For the soul is dead that slumbers, 事物的
4、真相与外表不同。 And things are not what they seem. 人生是真切的！人生是实在的！ Life is real! Life is earnest! 它的归宿决不是荒坟； And the grave is not its goal; “你本是尘土，必归于尘土”， “Dust thou art, to dust returnest,“ 这是指躯壳，不是指灵魂。 Was not spoken of the soul.,我们命定的目标和道路 Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, 不是享乐，也不是受苦； Is our destined end or
5、 way; 而是行动，在每个明天 But to act, that each to-morrow 都超越今天，跨出新步。 Find us farther than to-day. 智艺无穷，时光飞逝； Art is long, and Time is fleeting, 这颗心，纵然勇敢坚强， And our hearts, though stout and brave, 也只如鼙鼓，闷声敲动着， Still, like muffled drums, are beating 一下又一下，向坟地送丧。 Funeral marches to the grave.,世界是一片辽阔的战场， In th
6、e worlds broad field of battle, 人生是到处扎寨安营； In the bivouac of life, 莫学那听人驱策的哑畜， Be not like dumb, driven cattle! 做一个威武善战的英雄！ Be a hero in the strife! 别指望将来，不管它多可爱！ Trust no Future, howeer pleasant! 把已逝的过去永久掩埋！ Let the dead Past bury its dead! 行动吧趁着活生生的现在！ Act, - act in the living Present! 心中有赤心，头上有真宰
7、！ Heart within, and God oevhead!,伟人的生平启示我们： Lives of great men all remind us 我们能够生活得高尚， We can make our lives sublime, 而当告别人世的时候， And, departing, leave behind us 留下脚印在时间的沙上； Footprints on the sand of time; 也许我们有一个兄弟 Footprints, that perhaps another, 航行在庄严的人生大海， Sailing oer lifes solemn main, 遇险沉了船，绝
8、望的时刻，A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, 会看到这脚印而振作起来。 Seeing, shall take heart again.,那么，让我们起来干吧， Let us, then, be up and doing, 对任何命运要敢于担戴； With a heart for any fate; 不断地进取，不断地追求， Still achieving, still pursuing, 要善于劳动，善于等待。 Learn to labor and to wait. 据钱钟书先生考证，朗费罗的名篇人生颂是英语诗歌中 最早译成汉语的一首。,8. Edgar Al
9、lan Poe (1809-1849),father of modern short story father of detective story father of psychoanalytic criticism,1) Works,Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” C) “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”,奇异怪诞故事集,瓶子里发现的手稿,毛格街杀人案,“The Fall of the House of Usher” “The Masque of the Red D
10、eath” “The Cask of Amontillado”,厄舍古屋的倒塌,红色死亡的化妆舞会,一桶酒的故事,The Raven Israfel Annabel Lee To Helen,乌鸦,伊斯拉菲尔,安娜贝尔李,致海伦,The Poetic Principle The Philosophy of Composition,诗歌原理,创作哲学,2) Life,Famous American Poet, short-story writer and critic.,Appreciation of “Annabel Lee”,The theme: The poem is believed t
11、o have been dedicated to the memory of Poes wife, Virginia Clemm, who died in 1847 at the age of 26.,The form: Poe stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” It is an elaborate display of pure technique with little or no substance. Its poetry exists in its ingenious
12、creation of sounds.,Foot（音格）,It is the metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured. It is a specific combination of stressed and unstressed syllables. A foot usually consists of one stressed and one or two unstressed syllables. A vertical line is used to separate the feet. A foot of poetry c
13、an be arranged in a variety of patterns. The most commonly used feet are as follows:,Foot Pattern,(1) The iambic foot, consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. What kept/ his eyes/ from giv/ing back/ the gaze The fa/lling out/ of faith/ful friends/, renew/ing is /of love
14、.,(2)The trochaic foot, consisting of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. He was louder than the preacher Double, double, toil, and trouble (3)The anapestic foot, two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable. I am monarch of all I survey For the moon/ never beams/ wit
15、hout bring/ing me dreams.,(4)The dactylic foot, consisting of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. Slowly the/ mist oer the/ meadow was/ creeping. This is the/ forest pri/meval: the/ murmuring/ pines and the/ hemlocks (5) Spondaic foot 扬扬格,Meter,Meter is a regular pattern of str
16、essed and unstressed syllables. The number of feet in a line determines its meter. English poetry includes the following eight kinds of lines:,Kinds of meter,1). Monometer line (one foot) I/ trust 2). Dimeter line (two feet) The wild /winds weep 3). Trimeter line (three feet) The au/tumn time/ has come,4). Tetrameter line (four feet) When fi
