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1、专题六 定语从句,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 考查限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法 (1)高考常考的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;常考的关系副词有where,when,why等,在从句中做状语(做时间状语用when;做地点状语用where;做原因状语用why)。选择定语从句的引导词主要看引导词在从句中所充当的成分。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题1】(2013全国卷改编)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. 解析:句意:当我到达的时候,布赖恩带
2、我去看了我将要住的房子。stay为不及物动词,先行词为house,指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。答案为where。 考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前的主句结构完整,考虑设空处填连词或是从句引导词;进一步分析可知,设空后的句子不完整,且对the house起限定作用,因此判断设空处引导定语从句。,-4-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2016北京卷改编)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. 解析:couple为先行词,whose表示所属关系,故答案为who
3、se。 考法总结分析句子结构可知,先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:the couples children often make a lot of noise,由此可见,关系词在定语从句中做定语。故答案为whose。,-5-,基础考法,能力考法,(2)考生应注意限制性定语从句中关系代词that与which的区别:引导词前有介词,且指物时要用which;先行词是all等不定代词或由序数词、最高级修饰时要用that。 【典型例题3】(2014全国卷)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy. 解析:句意:可能你有一种
4、让家人发疯的习惯。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a habit,且在从句中做主语。故填that或which。 考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前已有谓语动词,设空后的句子缺少主语,可判断设空处为从句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对habit起限定作用,由此可知此处为定语从句。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2 考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法 高考最常考查的非限制性定语从句引导词是which或who。考生应注意:关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句;关系代词as与which的用法区别:as和which都可指整个主句,但as常译为“正如,正像”,wh
5、ich常译为“这一点”。考生也应掌握where等引导非限制性定语从句的用法。 【典型例题4】(2017全国卷)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 解析:句意:跟任何事情一样,有可能(脂肪和盐)吃得太多,这对健康是不好的。根据句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的too much of both,在定语从句中做主语,故要用which。 考法总结看到逗号,可以确定是非限制性定语从句,因此不可以用that。,-7-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题5】(201
6、4北京卷改编)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. 解析:分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes,需用关系代词指代物,在定语从句中做recommended的宾语。故填which。 考法总结看到逗号,考虑设空处需填并列连词或此部分是非限制性定语从句;进一步分析句子结构可判断出主句结构完整,而设空后的句子不完整,再根据句意判断,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代the book,
7、只能填which。,-8-,基础考法,能力考法,考法3 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 高考对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的考查集中在介词或是关系代词的选择上: (1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配。 (2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则只能用whom。,-9-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题6】(2015浙江卷改编)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 解析:句意:创造出让员工把自己看作团队一员的一种氛围是一项极
8、大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,先行词是atmosphere,定语从句中缺少地点状语,且设空处前有介词in,故只能填which。 考法总结引导词前有介词通常用whom或which做关系代词,本题中关系词指代物,由此判断只能用which。,-10-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 识别定语从句 含有定语从句的复合句的主句部分结构完整,从句仅对主句中的某个词或主句起限定作用;定语从句常跟在被修饰词之后,有时可能被其他成分将其与被修饰词隔开。 考法2 分析先行词,确定引导词 首先确定先行词,然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分:做主语用who/that/which/as;做宾语用who/whom/which/
9、that/as;做表语用that/as;做定语用whose;做状语则用关系副词when/where/why;做介词宾语则用关系代词which/whom。 另外,考生应考虑特殊情况:只用that的情况,只用which的情况,as引导的定语从句等。,-11-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题】(2016浙江卷改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved. 解析:设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做介词of的宾语,故用关系代词which。 考法
10、总结分析句子结构可知,先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句后为:None of the theories has been proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中做介词of的宾语,且介词of已被提前。,-12-,1.(2016全国卷改编)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas resc
11、ued from starvation in the wild. 2.There are many forms of communication, include texting,cell phones,email,and social media.,when 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中做时间状语。故填关系副词when。,which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为forms of communication,关系词做从句的主语。故用which引导该定语从句。,-13-,3.Sometimes,the rea
12、son someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery.,why 考查why引导的定语从句。句意:有时,某人得癌症的原因确实是一个不幸的谜。本处先行词为the reason,定语从句中缺原因状语。故用关系副词why。,4.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes play contact sports like football.,who/that 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词为athletes,指人,关系词在定语从句中做主语。故用who或that
13、。,-14-,5.Mr.Lin wants to talk to the students homework hasnt been handed in. 6.The new program is really a big step up from everything else weve seen.,whose,that 考查定语从句。that引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,修饰先行词everything else。当先行词是everything,all,something等不定代词时,关系词应用that。,-15-,7.There is a phrase describes the noodl
14、emaking process:“One noodle in the boiling water,one flying in the air,and one just being cut.” 8.In their class there are altogether 54 students,half of wear glasses.,that/which 考查定语从句。此处表示“有一个习语描述了面条的制作过程”,先行词为a phrase,关系词在定语从句中做主语,指事物,故应用which/that。,whom 考查定语从句。句意:他们班总共有54名学生,其中有一半学生戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知,
15、逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是students,指人,关系词做介词of的宾语,所以用whom。,-16-,9.What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?,where 考查where引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为open spaces,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语。故用关系副词where。,10.From his travelling diary,we all know that
16、there is such a beautiful place he has described to us.,as 考查as引导的定语从句。句意:从他的旅行日记中我们都知道,他给我们描述了一个如此美丽的地方。当先行词前有as,such,the same等词语修饰时,定语从句由as引导。,-17-,1.Could you recommend a hotel where is in the centre of the town? 2.I saw the bright smile light up his face,what made me feel my heart filled with happiness.,wherethat/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词为hotel,关系词在从句中做主语,故用that或which引导定语从句。,whatwhich 考查非限制性定
