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1、Unit11. The four categories of computer hardware are input hardware, storage hardware ,processing hardware and output hardware. 计算机硬件的四种类型有输入硬件，存储硬件，处理硬件和输出硬件。2 .A well-designed CPU makes the computer have strong processing power ,and high processing speed and uses the amount of main memory effectiv
2、ely. 一个设计很好的CPU可以使计算机有很高的处理能力，很高的处理速度，而且可以有效地使用主存量。3. The brain of the computer is the central processing unit. 计算机的大脑是中央处理器。4. The main memory can also be called internal memory, primary storage, or just memory. 主存也被叫做内部存储器，主要存储器或者仅仅是存储器。5. The example for input device in this passage is the keyboa
3、rd; the most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory and the output device that this passage deals with is the information. 在这篇文章中输入设备的例子是键盘；最常见的处理硬件原件是中央处理器和主存，文章中涉及到的输出设备是显示器。1. Someone who does not necessarily have much technical knowledge about co
4、mputers but who makes decisions based on information processed by the computer.User 对计算机并没有太多的专业知识，但却可以依据计算机处理的信息做决定的人.2. equipment made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components that uses software to process data. Computer一种由电子和使用软件处理数据的电子机械元件结合的设备3. raw, unorganized and no
5、t processed facts. Data 原始的，无组织的，没有处理的信息4. meaningful and useful facts that have been processed from data by a computer. Information计算机处理数据时有意义有用的信息5. most common type of input device used with computers Keyboard计算机所使用的最常见输入设备6. processing of data into information Data processing把数据处理成信息7. output de
6、vice that can display text and graphics in a variety of colors. Monitor可以以不同的颜色呈现文本和图标的输出设备8. primary storage of the computer, which can be thought of as an electronic desktop. Memory计算机的主存，可以被认为是电子桌面1 .A display screen often called a monitor, serves as a window on main memory, allowing the user to
7、view its contents. 一个显示屏通常被叫做显示器，是主存的窗口，允许使用者看到它的内容2. Color monitor displays characters, charts, pictures, and diagrams in color. 彩色显示器可以显示彩色的字体，图表，图画和示意图3. A computer is a machine whose function is to accept data and process it into information. 计算机是一种机器，其作用是接受数据并把它处理成信息4. The basic input device on
8、 most small and microcomputer systems is a keyboard. 大多数小型和微型计算机系统的基本输入设备是键盘5. A computer is a data processing machine. 计算机是一种数据处理机器6. Unless some human being needs the information, there is no point to processing the data. 除非一些人需要信息，否则没意义处理数据7. A computer is a machine whose function is to accept da
9、ta and process it into information. 计算机是一种机器，其作用是接受数据并把它处理成信息8 .A computer cant execute a program stored on disk unless it is first copied into main memory. 计算机不能执行存储在磁盘上的程序除非它被首次复制到主存1. The computers input device reads the users information into the computer. 计算机的输入设备把用户的信息读入到计算机内2. With a touch sc
10、reen or light pen, a user enters a point simply by touching a spot on the screen. 用触屏或触笔，用户仅仅通过接触屏幕上的一点就可以到达目的地3. The processor manipulates the data, storing the results back into memory.处理器操纵数据，存储的结果放回内存。4. If a computer is to function without direct human control, it must be given a set of instruc
11、tions to guide it , step by step, through a process.如果一台计算机没有人类直接控制功能，它必须是一组指令引导它，一步一步，通过一个过程。5. In Windows 98, the Recycle Bin is a temporary storage place for deleted files. You can use it to retrieve filesdeleted in error.在Windows98,Recycle Bin是删除的文件临时存储场所。你可以使用它来恢复误删的文件6. Input is a process that
12、 involves the use of a device to encode or transform data into digital codesThat the computer can process. 输入是一种使用设备来编译或把数据转换成计算机可以处理的数字代码7. One way of obtaining hardcopy is to press the Ctrl and Print Screen keys simultaneously. 获得硬拷贝的一种方法是同时按下Ctrl和Print Screen键8. The cursor control keys found on m
13、any keyboards perform the same function. 许多键盘上的光标控制键有相同的作用Unit21. We can choose to buy an appropriate computer to meet our needs from a variety of sizes, shapes and processing capabilities. 从计算机的大小，形状和处理能力我们可以选择合适的计算机来满足需要。2. Comparing their capabilities, computers are generally grouped into four ba
14、sic categories: supercomputers , mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers. 相比能力，计算机通常被分组成四个基本类型：超级计算机，大型计算机，小型计算机和微型计算机。3. If you were an employee of an airline, a bank a large insurance company and etc., you would likely have contact , through your individual workstation, with a mainfr
15、ame computer. 如果你是航空公司，银行，一家大的保险公司等等的雇员，你很有可能通过你的个人工作站接触到主计算机4. Minicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than microcomputer and have many more storage locations in main memory. 小型计算机和主计算机比微型计算机工作快而且在主存中有更多的存储位置5. Microcomputers vary in size from small portables, such as laptop comp
16、uters that you can carry around like briefcase, to powerful .such as those desktop workstations used by engineers and scientists. 微计算机与便携式计算机的大小不同，比如你可以携带像箱子一样的便携式计算机到一个被工程师或科学家使用的重要的电子工作站。6. Silicon is referred to as a semiconductor because it sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not. 硅被认为是一种半导体因为它有时导电而有时不导7 .In general, a computers
