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1、Contents,Part I and Part II,Exam,卷面80%， 平时成绩：20%,Examination for Post Graduate English in Academic Writing,Part I. Multiple Choice 40%,A: Academically acceptable sentence,B: Syntactically or grammatically correct sentence,C: Academically unacceptable or syntactically /grammatically incorrect sentenc
2、e,D: Common basic and academic writing knowledge test,Part II: Cloze 15%,Part III: Passage in logical order 30%,Part IV: English Writing 15%,第二部分: 学术英语写作,第一章: 学术写作的六个考虑因素,audience、purpose and strategy、organization、style、flow、presentation,4. 文体特征 学术写作的突出特征就是选用更加正式的词汇 1) 动词 学术英语写作中通常使用单一动词,3) 正规的语法风格
3、(1) 一般来讲避免使用略缩词 (2) 使用更为适宜的正规的否定形式 (3) 限制使用多个词连用的表达法 (4) 避免向读者说“你” (5) 使用直接引语时需谨慎 (6) 将副词放于动词词组内 (7) 考虑是否该使用割裂不定式 (8)目的是为了有效地使用词汇,Key to Exercise on P. 11 1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. 2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons. 3. The difference b
4、etween these two approaches to designing underground subway station can clearly be seen.,4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground 5. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individ
5、ual. 6. Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material.,7. These special tax laws have been enacted in six mid western states: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota. 8. Little research has been done on the use of oil palm
6、shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete. 5. 表达连贯 Key to Exercise on P. 12 For example; because; because of this; so that; morethan; However,1) 连接词与词组 Key to Exercise on P. 13 A. sentence 2: For example sentence 4: While / Although sentence 6: therefore ; hence / thus B. sentence 2: h
7、owever ; thus sentence 3: while / whereas sentence 4: Although / Even though sentence 6: For example,2) this + 总结性词汇 Key to Exercise on P. 15 1. b. d. 2. a. 3. d. Key to Exercise on P. 15 1. view 2. finding 3. problem 4. process 5. disruption,6. situation 7. method / approach 8. conclusion 9. phenom
8、enon 10. trend / tendency,6. 宣讲 1）考虑你的书面文字材料的总体格式 2） 校对疏忽大意所造成的语法错误 3） 即便是你已经检查了你的文本材料，也 要检查其中的词汇拼写错误,第二章: 学术写作的两个基本结构 （1）泛论-特指(GS) （2）问题-过程-解决方法(PS) 1.泛论-特指文本写作 for three reasons GS文本通常以下列一种形式开始 1. 简短或拓展定义 2. 对比或比较定义 3. 一般化或目标性陈述 4. 事实陈述,Key to Exercise A: P.18 1. 1) Meetings of tourism and its imp
9、ortance a. Size of meetings b. Locations of meetings 2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewal a. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S. b. Growth in international conferences c. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism in Europe,1) 正式的句子定义,a
10、 single verb phrase,a class term or restrictive clause,(1) 正式的句子定义要素 常见的超级坐标词/类标词有：class word technique, method, process, device, system (2) 删除 在下列情况下，你可以减少限制性关系代词 A. 定语从句仅有关系代词、to be动词、一个或 多个介词短语 B. 定语从句由被动态动词加上一些额外的信息 C. 定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容 词和额外的信息,(3) 词或词形变换 在下列情况下，你可以减少关系代词 A. 定语从句含有动词have。这时关
11、系代词和ave 都省略掉，用with代替。 B. 定义从句含有主动态状态动词。(这时关系代 词省略掉，动词变成-ing形式；但be和have除 外。) C. 定语从句含有的情态助动词不可省略,Key to Exercise on P. 23 1. metal that is often used metal often used 2. device that is capable of device capable of 3. roof which is on top of roof on top of,4. precipitation which results from precipita
12、tion resulting from 5. This sentence cannot be reduced. 6. flute that is pitched an octave higher - flute pitched an octave higher 7. a process that involves the selective transport a process involving the selective transport 8. a celestial body which has approximately the same mass a celestial body
13、 with approximately the same mass,D. 关系代词前有介词时，这类定语从句不删减,E. Whereby常用于正式写作中来代替by which, by means of which, through which,Key to Exercise on P. 24 1. with 2. in 3. to 4. from 5. in 6. around 7. in 8. in F. 在定义中不要使用when 和where,2) 拓展定义 拓展定义通常以一个泛论开始 - 一个句子定义，然后随着额外信息的给出变得更加具体。 Key to Exercise on P. 25
14、1. components and type 2. example 3. history 4. application 拓展定义也可包括过程分析或因果及其它特色如罕见性、成本 Key to Exercise on P. 27 4-1-7-2-5-6-3,3) 竞争性定义 竞争性定义承认一些不同的定义，然后向读者陈述清晰你所采纳的定义。 4) 对比性定义 Key to Exercise on P. 29 The former deals with a right that grantswhile the latter is concerned with a copyright a form of
15、 protection that Key to Exercise on P. 29 The whole passage seems like neither a competing nor a contrastive definition. Instead, its an extended definition.,5) 比较性定义 比较定义基本上有两类： 1) 呈现一个概念是如何随着时间的流逝而变化 的这样一种史实陈述。 2) 呈现对当代各位专家是怎样不同地看待此概 念所做的一个全面性的评述。 Key to Exercise on P. 30 1. Sentences 4, 7, and 10
16、. 2. Present tense. The theories are “timeless.” Although they were formulated in the past, they were still widely accepted today.,3. S5: In other words S6: therefore S7: on the other hand S8: for example S9: In other words S16: For instance The purpose is either for explanation / exemplification or to indicate contrasts among the competing theories. 4. There are a number of possibilities: perhaps
