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1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习,简单句的五个基本句型 主语 不及物动词 She came. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 主语补语 She is happy 主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk.,主谓宾 名代动
2、词名代 we- saw -you. we- did -the work. 主系表 名代系动词形容次名词代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分，主语也一样 不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同动词加助动词，系动词不用 表语可以是形容词，宾语不行 只有宾语有补足语,2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的
3、动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍),4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如：He wrote me
4、 a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信),5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力),7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。 如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通
5、常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) 8同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。 如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？),1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time
6、 in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming h
7、ere. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. w
8、all The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon,3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特
9、征。 He is a teacher. （名词） You dont look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）,常见连系动词 “存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有:be(是),loo
10、k(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。 例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good star.,2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。 例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will
11、 stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter?,3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等。 例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.,(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was
12、feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. tired worried yellow interested first,4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do yo
13、u need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money,(四) 挑出下
14、列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimming
15、,5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名词） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词）,扩展： 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and
