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1、道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 What is the Passive Voice? 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 英语动词有两种语态: 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Pass
2、ive Voice) What is it? A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 We speak English. 主语谓语宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语谓语宾语 主动语态 被动语态 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。
3、这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用主动语态( Active Voice);如果主语是动作的承受者, 动词便用被动语态(Passive Voice)。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态) 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之
4、间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必 要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者,而不是动作的 执行者。 这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 (强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现) The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系
5、的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 被动语态的用法: A note was passed up to the speaker. 1.强调动作的承受者; 如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people. 2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出. 如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924
6、. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 The Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.) 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 一般现在时: am / is / are done 一般过去时: was / were done 现在进行时: am / is / are being done 过去进行时: was / were being
7、done 现在完成时: have / has been done 过去完成时: had been done 一般将来时: shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。 The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us
8、the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。 The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之
9、间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 被动语态的结构: 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ”构成,助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化 规则与be作为连系动词时一样。 如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规
10、范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 在改写中应注意: 1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 主语; ; 2.把动词变成“be be + + 过去分词过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。 典型题例 例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持
11、的。 主变被解题步骤: 1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数. are were 3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语. by them. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 Tom broke the window. The window was broken
12、by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 一般现在时的被动语态: am/are/is + 过去分词过去分词 1. People play football all over the world. 2. Mr. Green teaches us this te
13、rm. Football all over the world . We this term. is played by people are taught (by Mr. Green) 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were + 过去分词过去分词 4. People built the Great Wall long ago. 5. Two years ago we used the machines to make shoes for ch
14、ildren. The Great Wall long ago. Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 一般将来时的被动语态: will / be going to + be + 过去分词过去分词 6. We will write a diary next class. 7. Tom is g
15、oing to hold a birthday party. A diary next class. A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 情态动词的被动语态: must/have to/can等 + be + 过去分词过去分词 8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. 9. We have
16、to finish our homework on time. The broken pottery at once. Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time 道德是一定社会、一定阶级调节人与人之间、个体与社会、个体与自然之间各种关系的行为规范的总和。这种规范是靠社会舆论、传统习惯、教育和内心信念来维持的。 HeHe rides rides the motorbike to his factory every the motorbike to his factory every day.day. The motorbike The motorbike is riddenis ridden to