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1、Unit 7 1. Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke.青少年不应该被允许吸烟。(1)allow意为“允许;许可”,常用于“allow sb. to do sth.”结构,表示“允许某人做某事”。allow后面可接动名词作宾语,不可用动词不定式作宾语,即:allow doing sth.“允许做某事”。例如:My father allowed me to play basketball after finishing my homework.我的父亲允许我做完家庭作业后打篮球。They do not allow smoking in public.
2、他们不允许在公共场合吸烟。归纳：用于被动语态时,必须接不定式作宾语补足语,不能接动名词形式,即:sb. / sth.+ be allowed + to do sth.结构。也可在allow后面接介词短语,即:sb. / sth.+ be allowed +介词短语。例如:Women were not allowed to take part in the games.妇女是不允许参加这些比赛的。I dont allow dogs in the house.我不允许狗进屋。(2)smoke表示“抽烟;吸烟”,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词;smoke作名词,是指燃烧中产生的“烟”,用作不可数
3、名词,在非正式用语中还可指“香烟”,用作可数名词。例如:Its against the rules of the school to smoke.吸烟是违反校规的。The smoke from chimney is spreading out in the sky.烟囱冒出的烟正在空中散开。No smoking.禁止吸烟。2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 16岁的人应该被允许驾驶。sixteen-year-olds“16岁的人”。相当于sixteen-year-old children“16岁的孩子们”。其结构为数词+连字符+ye
4、ar(单数形式)+连字符+olds意为“多少岁的人们”。例如:I think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.我认为应该允许十六岁的孩子开车。Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes.十六岁的人应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。归纳：复合形容词的构成:名词+形容词:life-long(终生的),grass-green(草绿色的),dog-tired(累极了的),home-sick(想家的)。形容词+形容词:wet-cold(湿冷的),icy-cold(冰冷
5、的),red-hot(炽热的),light-blue(浅蓝的)。现在分词+形容词:freezing-cold(冷得刺骨的,冰冷的)。副词+形容词:all-round(全面的)。名词+现在分词:peace-loving(爱好和平的),time-saving(省时间的)。名词+过去分词:home-made(家制的)。形容词(或副词)+现在分词:easy-going(随和的),hard-working(努力工作的)。形容词(或副词)+过去分词:newly-developed(新发展起来的),quick-frozen(速冻的)。形容词+名词+-ed :short-sighted(近视的)。形容词+名词
6、:long-distance(长途的),red-letter(喜庆的)。3. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.16岁的人应该被允许扎耳洞。get their ears pierced为固定结构,“get/have+ n.+过去分词”,即:get sth. done是“使某事完成”,强调不是本人做的,而是找别人做的。例如:We have got the TV repaired.我们已经请人把电视机修好了。In cold weather,its hard to get the car started.在寒冷
7、的天气里,车子很难发动。归纳get作为使役动词的用法:get sb. do“使某人做某事”,后面接不带to的不定式。sb.在这里是作宾语,do后面的成分作宾语补足语,进一步说明“使役”的具体动作。例如:Our teacher got us students finish our homework.我们的老师要求我们完成作业。get sb. done“使某人被”,sb.与done存在逻辑上的动宾关系,done是被动的标志。例如:The mother gets her baby hanged on her back.这个母亲把她的小孩背在背上。get sth. done “使某物/事被做”,同样s
8、th.与done存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:She got her coat washed.她把外套洗了。get sth. do “使某物”,sth.与do存在逻辑上的主谓关系,do往往在这里是不及物动词。例如:He gets his body lie on the ground because he is tired.因为太累了,他躺在了地板上。have的用法和get相似。I had a woman clean the window for me.我让一个女士为我擦了窗户。(只是强调这一次的行为)He had his son standing outside for an hour.他让他的
9、儿子在外面站了一个小时。(强调一个小时一直都在持续的状态)He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理了头发。(强调头发被理了)4. Im worried about your safety.我担心你的安全。safety是名词,意为“安全”,safe是形容词,意为“安全的”,safely是副词,用来修饰动词或形容词,意为“安全地”。例如:We arrived there safely.我们安全地到达了那里。Food safety is becoming more and more important.食品安全变得越来越重要。I am safe now.现在我安全了。归纳
10、安全和危险名词形容词safety安全safe安全的danger危险dangerous危险的5. When I was two running through the field,she made sure I was safe and kept me from danger.当我两岁穿过田野的时候,她确保我是安全的,让我远离危险。(1)through意为“穿过”。辨析：through,across和crossacross是介词,强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作,其含义常与介词on有关,常和表示“走”一类的动词(如:walk,run,fly,jump等
11、)连用。例如:Go across the bridge,and youll find the park.越过这座桥,你就会找到公园。The little girl ran across the road.这个小女孩横穿马路。cross是动词,表示“穿过、越过、渡过”。例如:The old man is crossing the road.这位老人正在穿过马路。Be careful when you cross the street.过街时你要小心。through是介词,表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的,往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。例如:The river run
12、s through the city.这条河从这座城市中间流过。Can you see it through this hole?你能透过这个洞看到它吗?(2)make sure意为“确保;确认”,后跟省略了that的宾语从句。辨析：be sure与make surebe sure+of/about.,意为“确信;对有把握”。还可跟不定式或从句。例如:He is sure of success.他自信会成功的。He is sure to have known about that.他准会知道那件事。Im not sure whether Ive met him before.我不能确定以前是否
13、见到过他。make sure表示“弄确实;核实;查证”。make sure常用于祈使句,后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。Make sure + that从句意为“弄明白;确信”。Make sure + of +代词/名词,意思也是“弄明白;确信”。例如:Make sure of his coming before you set off. 出发之前要确定他是否来。I make sure(that) he would come. 我确信他会来。6. But I talked back again“I should not be told what to do!Im seventeen n
14、ow!”但是我又顶嘴:“我不应当被告诉做什么!我现在17岁了!”back用作副词的基本意思是“往后,在后面”,常修饰动态动词,作状语,back用作副词时不用于比较等级。这里的talk back意思是“还嘴;顶嘴”。例如:His self-confident fluency left her no room to talk back.他口若悬河,自以为是,使她没有机会回话。Dont talk back to your mother!不要跟妈妈顶嘴!归纳talk的其他动词短语:talk with对说talk about谈论talk to对说talk down以高声或连续的话压倒talk into说
15、服做talk of谈到,表示要talk over讨论talk around说服talk shop谈本行7. I regret talking back,not listening to Mom.我后悔顶嘴,不听妈妈的话。regret作动词,表示“感到遗憾”,表示歉意,懊悔归纳regret用法:regret+ n./pron.例如:If you dont do it now,youll only regret it.如果你现在不做,以后一定会后悔的。The airline regrets any inconvenience.航空公司对所造成的任何不便表示歉意。regret + that/wh-从句。例如:I deeply regret what I said.我非常后悔说了那些话。I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation.很遗憾,我不能接受你的友好邀请。regret to do sth.对要做的事遗憾,事情未做。例如:We
