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1、第一章 基本句型1句子成分1）主语：表示句子所说为何人或何物，可由名词（词组）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动词-ing 形式（短语）和名词从句等充当。A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. The farmer plowed his field. He enjoys camping in the mountains.To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.Living in that island country for three months was
2、an unforgettable experience for me. Two will be enough.Whether well go depends on the weather. That they failed in their attempt is entirely understandable.2) 谓语：说明主语做什么或是什么，由动词充当，须与主语保持人称和数的一致。动词的性质决定其是否必须跟主语补语、宾语、宾语补语以及状语等后续成分。Peoples standards of living are going up steadily. I may be wrong. He w
3、atched horrified by the terrible accident.I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.She left the room angry and frustrated.She looked sad and discouraged.We have long been hoping to visit your country. We have to do something for them.It was proposed that he cultural relations between the two countries
4、be expanded.For many years he remained single. He is called Little Tiger.3) 表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，可由名词（词组）、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式（短语）、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等充当。He still remained a hero in peoples minds. What nationality is he?Thats something we have always to keep in mind. Seventy-four! You dont look it.She was the f
5、irst to learn about it. His hair has gone white.Her first job had been selling computers. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up. The thing for her to have done was to have run away from her home, but she never did.All I could do was send him a telegram. We must be off now.The proof of the pudding is in th
6、e eating. She felt at ease and confident in the future.They are twice the size of chickens. That would be a great weight off my mind.4) 宾语：表示动作行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或其他东西、动名词（短语），不定式（短语）、复合结构、从句等充当。Show your passports, please! They didnt promise him anything definite.- How many do you need? - We ne
7、ed two. They carried the seriously wounded.I enjoyed working with you. Hope to see you again.You will find the pain easing up in a few hours. Ill get it stamped.See that everything is ready by half past ten. Did you write down what she said? 介词宾语：介词不能在句中独立充当一个成分，而需和一个名词或与之相当的东西构成介词短语，来在句中充当一个成分。和介词构
8、成短语的那个部分称为介词宾语。能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（短语）、由连接代（副）词引起的从句或不定式短语。Its going to be windy tomorrow according to the weather forecast. How much luggage can I take with me? She is fond of skating.Im thinking of how we can fulfil the task ahead of time.He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.5) 宾语补语：用来补充说明宾语，可
9、由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、动词-ing形式以及动词-ed形式等充当。6) 定语：用来修饰名词或代词，由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、分词（短语）、不定式（短语）、介词短语、副词、从句等充当。Our government tries in every way to satisfy our need. He gave a vivid description of the battle. Our two hundred thousand auto workers are out on strike. We belong to the third world.They are
10、 to send a government trade delegation to China. His words moved everyone present.Whats your governments policy towards these countries? Do you know the number of foreign guests coming to the party?Their aim is to find ways to satisfy the peasants demand “to change low-yielding land to high-yielding
11、 land.”Those under 18 must not carry weight above 10.25 kilograms.They should have told us if there was anything up. This is the only reference book there is on the subject.7) 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示谓语的时间、地点、方式、目的、程度，通常由副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、形容词、词组、复合结构、从句等充当。有时，还可用名词充当。Theoretically youre right, b
12、ut things may not work like that in fact. They did everything they could to save the workers life. She did this out of kindness.Please fill in the card giving all the information required. They all rushed over, eager to help. Compared to many women, she was indeed very fortunate.She jumped ten feet.
13、 When I was ill she nursed me day and night.We have been sitting here hours waiting for you.That being the case, well have to reconsider the whole thing. We did it only because we had to.2基本句型1）主系表此句型中动词为联系动词：A. be动词B. 表示“变得，成为”的动词：become, come, get, go, grow, run, turn, fall, etc.C. 表示“保持某一状态”的动词：c
14、ontinue, hold, keep, remain, stay, stand, etc.D. 表示“看起来，好象”的动词：appear, look, seem, etc.E. 表示“感官”的动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, etc.I am a student. She is pretty. Toms wish has come true.The river grows wider. The weather turned cold. The milk remained fresh for a week.The weather continued warm. John stood loyal to his friend. The house appears large.Your sister seemed unwell. Your sentence sounds right. The apple tastes sour.2) 主谓该句型中动词为不及物动词，不带宾语。 The girl smiles. The birds are flying in the sky.3) 主谓宾该句型中动词为及物动词，带宾语。 They speak English. The boy play
