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1、中考题型解读,第四节 阅读理解,题型突破 阅读理解是每年广州市中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为40分,约占整套试题总分的27%。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文而获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等,考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此,阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化,广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面,也更加体现了时代性和可读性,题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。,解题技巧 掌握中考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧,正确地理解和分析问题,考生应从以下几个方面入手： 1.抓住文章的首句和末句 文章段落的首句和末句,一般表达文章的主
2、题和段落的中心思想,其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此,首先要搜索目标,找出文章及段落中的主题句。了解了它们的含义,就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息,从而获得解决问题的答案。,2.进行合理推断 对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后,就要按照文章内容,上下文的逻辑关系,作出推理判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面知识。答题时,要领会句子之间的逻辑关系,特别是相邻句子之间的关系,这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词短语、关系词、插入语等,通读时应特别注意。如：if, because, though, as, which, i
3、t, and,but,however,therefore,so,for example, so that,so.that,on one hand.,on the other(hand).等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件,原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用,正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用,对做阅读理解题是大有好处的。 3.猜测推敲生词 阅读短文时,常常会遇到一些生词。这时,考生要沉着、冷静,细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解,就很有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外,还可以从含有生词句子的上下文,以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。
4、 猜测生词的另一种方法是,根据构词法推测。遇到生词后,可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如：,inexpensive一词,其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此词词义为“不贵的,便宜的”。 4.利用常识解题 多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解。如果对文章的相关背景有所了解,读起文章来一定既省时又省力。因此,在学习过程中,了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。考生应了解下列知识 (1)著名作家、艺术家及其主要作品； (2)了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等；,(3)多看新闻联播、世界各地和各类英语讲座等节目； (4)使用各
5、种工具书,查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件等； (5)熟记常用的缩略词语。 5.正确理解题干 纵观历年中考试题,阅读理解试题一般有以下几种题型：一是直接回答who,whom,which,what, where,when,why,how等疑问词引起的细节问题；二是猜测词义题；三是推理判断题；四是综合概括题。 在做阅读理解题时,一定要仔细看 完、看清楚试题要求再作答,特别要注意not,true,except等词。有时,要先看题后阅读文章,带着问题去读短文,可缩短阅读时间,效果也许会更好。 总之,阅读理解试题是中考试题中非常重要的一项内容,占有举足轻重的地位。如果学生按上述答题方法去做,再做些适当的练习
6、,一定会在阅读理解试题上取得比较理想的成绩。,真题分析 一、(2015广州)阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 A This is a tale of two friendsone is blind, the other has no arms.On their own,the two are “disabled”.But together,they are a powerful team that has changed part of their village in North Chinas Hebei Prov
7、ince into a rich,green forest. Meet 53 year old Jia Haixia and Jia Wenqi!,Their story began in 2000,when Haixia,who was already blind in his right eye,lost his left one after an illness.Wenqi lost his arms in an accident when he was just three. Neither could find a job,so the two decided to team up.
8、They rented some poor land and began to plant trees.In return,the local officials paid them a small fee.Haixia and Wenqi never imagined that they would end up creating an environmental paradise.Their forest now has over 10,000 trees,hundreds of birds and many other wild animals.In addition,it saves
9、the village,from river flooding during the rainy season. When the friends work together,they focus on their strengths not their disabilities.Their day begins at 7 a.m.when the sightless Haixia carries Wenqi across the river to get to their worksite. Since they cannot afford to buy young trees to pla
10、nt,the two use branches from existing trees.Haixia climbs to the tree top and with Wenqis direction,selects the perfect branch.He then digs a hole and carefully plants it.Finally Wenqi waters the area. Though hard working,the men dont make,much money.But as Wenqi puts it,“We stand on our own feet,so
11、 the fruits of our work taste sweeter.” Neither Haixia nor Wenqi cares about money.Together,they already have everything they needa perfect pair of eyes,two strong hands,and the best friendship in the world!,( )46.Why did Haixia and Wenqi start working together? A.Haixia needed someone to help him.
12、B.They both needed a way to make money. C.They wanted to improve the environment. D.They were required to do so by local officials. ( )47.Haixia and Wenqis forest has helped the village by_. A.stopping floods in the rainy season B.increasing the number of tourists C.making the villagers richer D.pro
13、viding more farmland,B,A,( )48.Why do Haixia and Wenqi plant tree branches? A.They are easy to get. B.They do not cost money. C.They can grow very quickly. D.They are preferred by animals. ( )49.In Paragraph 5,when Wenqi says “We stand on our own feet,so the fruits of our work taste sweeter”,he mean
14、s that “_”. A.they hope to make the forest even better B.the fruits from their trees are very sweet C.they are proud not to depend on others,C,B,D.they are able to do any difficult work ( )50.What can we learn from this story? A.Never give up and you will succeed. B.We should help the disabled to wo
15、rk. C.Try your best when facing difficulties. D.We can achieve more with teamwork.,D,【语篇解读】本文是一则小故事。两个朋友均为残疾人，一个是盲人，另一个没有双臂。他们团结协作，互相配合，用扦插的树枝种植出一片森林，既做到了自食其力，又保护了村庄与环境。 46.B 解析：细节推理题。题目问的是Haixia和Wenqi开始一起工作的原因，这要原文定位到他们开始工作的段落二、三段。 “The story began”这句话就提醒我们他们是一个powerful team的缘由。首先介绍他们身体的残缺，关键句：Neit
16、her could find a job,so the two decided to team up.这句话的so是关键字，表示前面不能找到工作是原,因，结果是后面的他们组成了一个团队。从而从不能找到工作而组队这个细节推理出46题的答案B.they both needed a way to make money，故本题选B。 47.A 解析：细节理解题。这道题是比较典型的细节题，主要运用原文定位+排除法。题目问的是他们帮助村庄的方式，题目关键词：by。根据每段主题句（第一句）具体帮助村民的方式应该主要定位在第三段。第三段有2个关键点（通过in addition判断）：1.environmental paradise；2.save from flooding。由此逐一排除选项：B,选项文中没有提及；C选项细节错误，他们帮助村民创建的是一个environmental paradise，专注于环境的改善，并非经济上的实际收益；D选项信息错误，文中第三段仅仅提及他们租用土地，并非提供
