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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 深圳市机动车尾气的污染排放状况及对大气污染的影响研究 姓名：王令 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：杨运泉 20070501 I 摘 要 随着深圳市经济特区持续高速发展，机动车辆数每年约 20%的速度递增，目前已近 40 万辆， 机动车辆排气对深圳市大气环境质量影响日益严重。 深圳市机动车车流量在不 同路段变化很大，典型交通干线各种类型车流量分布不均，各种类型的道路都是轿车的 流量最大，并且出现双峰分布，而总车流量也呈现双峰分布，车流量高峰分别出现在上 午的 9：00 左右和下午的 18：00 左右。机动车污染物排放量与各类道路的大、小、摩 托车车流量、道路长度和平
2、均行驶速度有关，采用内插法和外推法建立深圳市在用车在 不同平均速度下的行驶工况时氮氧化物排放因子 D，计算了不同行驶区域各类道路各类 大车的比例和柴油车、汽油车的加权平均重量。总体来说，城市机动车在实际运行状况 下的平均排放水平很高、单车污染因子排放水平比较高，相当于目前发达国家排放因子 的数倍。 深圳市2003年机动车的NOx排放中， 重型柴油车和重型汽油车排放量占40.5%， 轻型车排放量占 25%，中型车排放量占 17%，摩托车 NOx 的排放量占 2.5%。机动车 NOx 的排放量主要受轻型车、重型汽油车和重型柴油车控制及中型车控制。而 CO 排放 贡献量最大的是轿车，达到 52%，轻
3、型车的排放量仍然占有 24%的比例，摩托车总的排 放量不大，但单车的排放比例比较大，控制 CO 的排放量，可以考虑从小车型入手，而 对于 NOx 的排放，要从所有车型入手。对于 NOx 污染物来说，罗湖区排放量最大，福 田区次之，然后是盐田区，对与 CO、THC 来说，基本情况也比较类似。对深圳市机动 车的行驶里程及排放因子计算，深圳市机动车年污染物排放量分别为 NOx 4.6 万 t；CO 7.25 万 t，颗粒物为 0.42 万 t，而 HC 为 1.32 万 t。对于 NOx 来说，轻型车的排放达到 25%，中型车达到 18%，重型车达到 40.5%，轿车为 14%，而摩托车为 2.5%
4、，说明控制 NOx 的污染应该从所有的车型入手，而 CO 的排放分担率计算表明，轻型车为 24%，中 型车 12%，重型车总共 11.5%，摩托车 0.5%，而轿车为 52%，所以，控制 CO 应该从中 小车型入手。对于 NOx、CO、THC 来说，排在前三位的分别是：罗湖区、福田区、盐 田区。CO 各类道路高峰时段的排放强度都要远远高于平峰时段的排放强度；快速干道、 主干线和次干线高峰时段的排放强度水平相差不多， 而支路的强度则要远低于这三类道 路；HC 时间变化趋势与 CO 基本相同；对于 NOx，环城快速干道和城市主干线不同时 段的排放强度差异仍较大，但是次干线和支路平峰和高峰时段的排放
5、强度则相差不大； 对于颗粒物， 环城快速干道上平峰时段的排放强度要高于高峰时段； 监测资料分析表明， 在 2000 年时，首要污染物是 NOx 的只有 6 天，而 2001 年是 10 天，2003 年是 17 天， 到 2004 年是 48 天，因此 NOx 的污染问题是逐年加重，空气污染指数 API 平均值也是 逐年增加。 关键词：机动车污染关键词：机动车污染 排放因子排放因子 NOx 污染物排放量污染物排放量 空气污染指数空气污染指数 II Abstract With the high speed development of the Shenzhen special economic
6、zone, the motor vehicles number increased every year approximately 20%, at present, the vehicles numbers are nearly 400,000, Shenzhen atmospheric environment quality has been influenced by the motor vehicle exhaust and is serious at present. Shenzhen motor vehicles numbers change very obviously in d
7、ifferent road section, motor vehicles flow magnitude distribution is not average in the typical transportation skeleton line each for the all kind of type traffic vehicals, the passenger vehicle flow numbers is the most for each kind of type paths, and appears the double peak value distribution, and
8、 the total traffic vehicles also appears the double peak value distribution, the traffic vehicles peaks appears in the morning about 9: 00 and afternoon about 18: 00 respectively. The vehicles pollutions exhaust quality is relation with the flow numbers of the cart, dolly and motorcycle and road len
9、gth and average running speed in different roads. The inner insert method and extrapolation method are applied to establish the NOx discharge factor D of Shenzhen city in different average running speeds, and the each kind of large cart proportion and the diesel car, the gasoline motorcar weighted a
10、verage weight is calculated in the different travel region each kind of path. As a whole, the discharge level of the city vehicle is very high under actual movement condition, and the single vehicals pollution factor discharge level is quite high, and is equal to the developed country discharges fac
11、tor several times in the present. In the process of the NOx discharge for the Shenzhen city, the discharge quality of the heavy-duty diesel oil vehicle and heavy-duty gas oil vehicle is proportion to 40.5%, light-duty vehicle discharge quality is proportion to 25%, medium-sized vehicle discharge qua
12、lity is proportion to 17%, the motorcycle discharge quality is proportion to 2.5%. The NOx discharge quality is controlled by the qualities of light-duty vehicle, heavy-duty vehicle gas and heavr-duty diesel oil and medium-sized vehicle qualities. But the most distribution of CO discharge quality is
13、 saloon car, the proportion reached to 52%, other light-duty vehicles discharge quality reached to 24%, the motorcycle total discharge quality is very little proportion, but the single vehicle discharge proportion is very high, so the light-duty vehicles is very important for the CO discharge qualit
14、y controlling, all the vehicles types should be considered for the NOx controlling.For the NOx pollution, the LUOHU section discharge quality is most, the FUTIAN section is second, and then the YANTIAN section is third. for the CO and THC, the situation is the same as the NOx. And then the Shenzhen
15、city motor vehicles running mileage and discharge are calculated, so the calculation III result showed that the motor vehicles pollution discharge qualities are as follows, the NOx is 4.6 t, the CO is 7.25 t, partical matters are 0.42 t, and the HC is 1.32t. For the NOx, CO and THC, the former three
16、 location is LUOHU section, FUTIAN section and YANTIAN section. According to the monitor data, the major pollution NOx appears only 6 day in 2000, and appears 10 days in 2001, and appears 17 days in 2003, appears 48 days in 2004, so the NOx pollution problem is serious year and year, the Air pollution Index API average value is increased year and year. Keywords：Motor vehicle pollution; Discharge factor; NOx; Pollution discharge quality; Air pollution index 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所
