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1、Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese,Preview,“Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately ” 译文
2、1：“朗格太太说，尼日斐花园叫个阔少爷租去了，来自英格兰北部的；星期一来，坐着驷马大轿车，看得满心愉悦，当场就和莫先生谈妥了” 译文2：“朗太太说内瑟菲尔德让来自英格兰北部的一个阔少爷租去了；他乘着一辆驷马马车来看房子 ，星期一那天, 看得十分喜欢，立刻就和莫尔斯先生谈妥了”,Rigid vs. Supple,English always requires a complete sentence structure, S-V concord and formal cohesion. Chinese enjoys flexible sentence structure and pays more
3、 attention to semantic cohesion.,Basic sentence structure of English SV, SVO, SVP, SVoO, SVOC The meeting has begun. God created man. We are students. She wrote me a letter. He made me happy.,Rigid vs. Supple,1. I can give you two dollars. 2. He made me smile. 3. The river is flowing. 4. You ruined
4、my life.,SVoO SVOC SV SVO,All long or short English sentences can be regarded as the five patterns and their variants, expansion, combination, omission or inversion.,Expansion: adding modifiers,All this suggested ancient harmonies. 这一切使人感到古代的和谐气氛。 As we chatted, a brightly painted sardine boat dropp
5、ed anchor. 一条颜色鲜艳的捕捞沙丁鱼的船抛了锚。,Keith: a little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. ( John Galsworthy) 基思:一个讨饭的,身材矮小,面色苍黄,衣衫褴褛,瘸腿,满脸胡子。 She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 她心地厚道,为人乐观,性情温柔,待人和蔼,气量又大。,Expansion: using phrases or cl
6、auses,Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows. 不透光的物体会造成阴影 物体不透光，会产生阴影。,The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled. 钢的结构及其形成的性质，取决于加热的温度和冷却的速度。,Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the
7、size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers。 现在集成电路成了计算机的零部件，使得计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。,Omission,Nice to see you! To err is human, to forgive divine. If one had but two heads and neither required sleep!,Inversion,The greatest truths ar
8、e the simplest, so are the greatest men. 最伟大的真理总是最朴素的，最伟大的人物也是最朴素的。 Deal with us nobly, women though we be. 虽然我们是女人，请以高尚的态度对待我们。,英语句子复杂而不流散的另一重要原因是“句子成分之间或词组之间必须在人称、数、性和意义等方面保持协调一致的关系（concord/agreement)。,Concord, or agreement, is another factor that makes English sentences rigid. Grammatical concord
9、 Notional concord Two thousand dollars is more than he can afford. My family are all fond of playing table tennis. Principle of proximity,Varied or Optional Subjects 出了问题我来担着。 见过姑娘，没见过这么美的。 墙上挂着一幅水墨画，张大千的。 顾 客：“这盘菜里有只苍蝇！” 服务员：“咦？怎么搞的？我端上来之前已经把苍蝇都拣出来了。”,Rigid vs. Supple,ink and wash； brush painting；
10、Ink painting,Varied and Complicated Predicates 黔驴技穷 贾君鹏，你妈妈喊你回家吃饭。 他新雇来的女佣人懒得出奇，饭量倒很大。,Rigid vs. Supple,这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发. She is a pretty girl with an oval face, deep dark eyes and long heavy clinging tresses.,2. 五四运动所以具有这种性质，是在当时中国的资本主义经济已有进一步的发展，当时中国的革命知识分子眼见得俄、德、奥三大帝国主义国家已经瓦解，英、法两大帝国
11、主义国家已经受伤，而俄国无产阶级已经建立了社会主义国家，德、奥(匈牙利)、意三国无产阶级在革命中，因而发生了中国民族解放的新希望。 The may 4th movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed step further in China and because new hope had arisen for the liberation of the Chinese nation as Chinas revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of thre
12、e great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution.,Practice,Dont be afraid, what can he do to
13、you? 别害怕，他能把你怎么样？ I recommended him for membership of the association. 我介绍他加入协会。,You, whose ancestors pioneered the paths of modern civilization, have taken the road to higher forms of social organization and culture. 你们的祖先曾开辟了走向现代文明的道路，而你们继往开来，迈向了更高级社会组织和文明。 In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words 往后我就这样学着拼写，虽然并不理解意思，却也拼出了许多词,These things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now, away from London; it was a nation-wide trade. 这些物品都是在远离伦敦渐渐发展为城镇的农村制造的。这是一场全国范围的贸易。,
