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1、现在分词与过去分词的区别,如何区分动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语？ 主要根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的关系来决定。 1. 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或表动作已完成。就用过去分词。 The book _ (write) by the peasant is interesting. 2. 1) 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的一般式（doing) Did you see the girl _ (dance) with your brother,written,dancing,2) 如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行就
2、用现在分词的被动式（being done)。例如： The house being decorated now is mine. 3.动词不定式作定语，表示“将来”的意义。 1）不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，就用不定式的主动形式（to do)。 I have a letter to type. 2 不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（to be done)。 The house to be repaired next month will be mine.,练习： 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1) The hous
3、e_ (build) last year is my uncles house. 2) The building_ (build) next year will be the teaching building. 3) The building_ (build) now will be the lab building.,built,to be built,being built,现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别： 1. 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，含有“令人的” 之意，主语与表语之间是主动关系。主语一般是物。例如： 1) The story sounds interesting. 2
4、) The news was disappointing. 2. 过去分词作表语时一般置于be, get, become, look, sound, feel remain等系动词的后面，表示主语所处的状态或感受, 在逻辑上与主语有被动关系， 例如： 1） I was pleased at the news. 2）The door remained locked 3）He looked very excited.,英语中有许多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人”,主语一般是物；其过去分词表示 “(人)感到”，主语多为人。 1）The book is very _, so I am ve
5、ry _ in it. (interest) 2) All the people were _ about the _ news. (excite) 3) From his _ look on his face, the price of the meat must have risen. (disappoint) 4) I am _ of the baby, because he cries all the time. He is so_ (tire) .,interesting,interested,excited,exciting,disappointed,tired,tiring,5.
6、 The boy looked up with a _ (please) expression. 注意：用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。,pleased,动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别： 现在分词作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进行，就用现在分词作宾语补足语 2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进行,只表示动作的全过程,就用动词不定式作宾语补
7、足语。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语。 宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者）。就用过去分词作宾语补足语。,1) He got his sister _ (work) a letter for him. 2) Our teachers have us _ (do) our homework every day. 3) The boss made his workers _ (work) twelve hours a day. 4) He had his sister _ (write) a letter for him. 5) I saw his brother _
8、(get) in a car.,to write,do,work,write,get,6) I had that door _ (paint) only last week. 7) A week ago I had a hundred dollars _ (save) 8) We have your medicine _ (prepare) now. Please take it. 9) I raised my voice to make myself _ (hear). 10) Dont let the light in your room _ (burn) all night long.
9、11) We can hear the windows _ (beat) by the heavy rain drops. 12) I want the suit _ (make) to his own measure.,painted,saved,prepared,heard,burning,beaten,made,13) The boss made the workers _ (work) all night long. 14) The workers had the machine _ ( turn) all day. 15) He got his sister _ (post) the
10、 letter for him. 16) When the husband returned, he noticed her hair _ (cut)。 17) The weavers had the light _ ( burn) all day and all night.,working,turning,to post,cut,burning,3. 过去分词、现在分词作状语的区别： 根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系来 决定两种分词的选择。 如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的， 那么 主语与分词所表示的动作是主谓关系，就用现在 分词的一般式doing或现在分词的完成式having
11、done 。 例如： 1) Comparing the new building with the old one, we find that the new one looks more beautiful. 2) Having finished my homework, I went home.,若分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的，分词所 表示的动作与主语是动宾关系（即是该分词动作的 承受者），则用过去分词(done)或用现在分词完成 被动式having been done 但要注意，having been done 是强调一个被动 的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词done表被动， 表示
12、动作已完成，但没有强调发生在谓语动词之前。 Compared with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. 2) Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. 3) Having been told many times, he couldnt understand it.,3）_ (light) a candle, she went out. 4）_ (hear) this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.
13、 5) _ ( show) the labs, we were taken to see the library. 6) When _ (heat), water can be changed into steam. 7) _ (ask) to stay, I couldnt very well leave. 人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。,Having lit,Having heard,Having been shown,heated,Having been asked,1) _ ( see) from the top of the hill, the park looks very bea
14、utiful. 2) Once _ (publish), this dictionary will be very popular. 3) _ ( give ) more time, we could do it much better. 4) _ ( pay) more attention, the child will be happier. 5) _ (choke) by heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. .,Seen,published,Given,Paid,Choked,6) The woman scientist entered the l
15、ab, _ ( follow) by her assistants. 7) _ (be) ill, she didnt go the school today. 8) _ (see) nobody at home, I decided to come again. 9) Not _ ( know) her telephone number, I couldnt ring her up. 10) Not _ （receive） an answer, I wrote to him again.,followed,Being,Seeing,knowing,having received,11) _ ( tell) that it was going to snow, that climbers decided to put off their
