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1、New Horizon College English (Book 4)Title:Unit 7 Research into Population Genetics (A)InstructionTypes:1. lecture and explanation 2. discussion and retellingObjective:By way of learning this text , make the students know these important devices for developing a report: 1. Induction 2. Exemplificatio
2、n3.Listing4. ExplanationDifficulty&Emphasis:1.key words and expressions2.Know how to analyze and use these devicesTimeDistribution:1. Warm-up activities2. Drills of important phrases in the text3. Organization of the text (main idea, developing devices)4. key words and expressions5. AssignmentI. War
3、m-up activities1.Background informationLuca Cavalli-Sforza (A)Cavalli-Sforza, born in Genoa, Italy, was educated at the University of Pavia where he gained his MD in 1944. After working on bacterial genetics at Cambridge (19481950) and Milan (19501957) he has held chairs in genetics at Parma (195819
4、62) and Pavia (19621970). In 1970 he was appointed professor of genetics at the University of Stanford, California, a position he held until his retirement in 1992. Luca Cavalli-Sforza (B)Cavalli-Sforza has specialized mainly in the genetics of human populations, producing with Walter Bodmer a compr
5、ehensive survey of the subject in their Genetics, Evolution and Man (1976). He has also done much to show how genetic data from present human racial groups could be used to reconstruct their past separations. This reconstruction, based on the analysis of 58 genes, yields a bifurcated evolutionary tr
6、ee with Caucasian and African races in one branch and Orientals, Oceanians, and Amerinds in the other. The human genetic map (A)Our bodies are comprised of trillions of microscopic units called cells. Cells in turn are built up from many specific types of molecules, both large and small. The large m
7、olecules or macromolecules include polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of our cells. There are about 40,000 different types of proteins in our bodies. Each protein is present in many, many copies. The human genetic map (B)An adult, for example, carries about 1021
8、 (a billion trillion) hemoglobin molecules. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein. Each protein is a linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20 different amino acids. DNA is also a linear polymer comprised of 4 types of nucleotides. The sequence of amino acids in each protei
9、n is encoded by a segment of DNA called a gene. Three consecutive nucleotides in a gene encode a single amino acid in the corresponding protein. The genetic code is universal among all living things. Basques (A)The Basques are a people who live in a small region (about the size of Rhode Island in th
10、e United States) that straddles the border of Spain and France from the sea in the west into the Pyrenees in the east. This area is called Euskal Herria (comprising seven provinces, historically: Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, and Navarra on the Spanish side; Laburdi, Zuberoa, and Behe-Nafarroa on the Fr
11、ench side). There are about 660,000, according to the 1991 census. Basques (B)Fewer than 80,000 of these are on the French side of the frontier which runs through the Basque Country, the rest on the Spanish side. Basques speak a language called euskara, but today only about 25% of the population is
12、fluent in that tongue. Even so, the word for a Basque person, euskaldun, means “possessor of the Basque language”. The Basque population is distinguished physically by a high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the blood. Basques (C)No one knows exactly where the Basques came from. Some say they live
13、d in that area since Cro-Magnon man first roamed Europe. Estimates of how long they have lived there vary from 10,000 to 75,000 years. Some say they are descended from the original Iberians. More fanciful theories exist, as well. One is that the Basques are the descendents of the survivors of Atlant
14、is. 2.Questions and answers1)-How did the researchers obtain the information to write their book?The researchers took the blood of hundreds of thousands of individuals, from all around the world, and then analyzed their blood proteins. They examined the genetic similarities between the populations o
15、f the world. In this way, they obtained the information for their book. 2)-What two scientific aims does the book have?This book has two scientific aims. One is to discover the routes taken by early people migrating around the world; another is to show that under the skin we are all very similar on
16、a genetic level. 3)-What is the ultimate aim of the book?The book is written for scientific purposes as well as in hopes that it would have a social effect by proving that there is no biological basis for racial prejudice, thus disproving the idea that one race is genetically superior to any other race. II.Drills of important phrases in the text1. 在基因层面上at t
