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1、the Deadly noodleOf all the ways France has resisted the cultural imperialism of the United States, it has arguably achieved its greatest success in the realm of food. Not only is French cuisine the envy of the world, but culinary tradition has allowed the French to consume their sauce veloute and c
2、reme brulee without succumbing to the ills of over consumption that plague the land of burgers, fries and angioplasty. In recent years, however, statistics have begun to reveal that France is vulnerable to Americas junk-food influence after all. Although southern, rural France remains steadfastly he
3、althy, its more urban neighbors to the north suffer more from eating-related problems, not least a rise in childhood obesity. We cant point our finger at any one thing, says Mariette Gerber, a nutritional scientist at the National Institute for Medical Research and Health in Montpellier. Its a moder
4、n way of life, very urban. And it has come from the United States.在法国抵制美国的文化帝国主义的各种方式中，它可以说在食品领域取得了最大的成功。 法式料理不仅让世人羡慕，而且烹饪传统使得法国人可以在不损害汉堡，薯条和血管成形术的过度消费弊端的情况下食用酱汁和焦糖布丁。 然而近年来，统计已经开始显示，法国毕竟容易受到美国的垃圾食品影响。 尽管南部，法国农村仍然健康，但北部更多的城市邻居受到与饮食有关的问题的困扰，尤其是儿童肥胖的上升。 蒙彼利埃国家医学研究和健康研究所的营养科学家玛丽特格伯（Mariette Gerber）说：“我
5、们不能指责任何事情。 “这是一种现代化的生活方式，很城市化，而且来自美国。”Frances growing fat problem underscores how inexorable the Americanization of food habits has become. The problem is even more acute in the developing world, where the taste for American fast-food products like McDonalds hamburgers and Coca-Cola has long been fa
6、shionable. Urbanization is leading to more sedentary lifestyles in many places. And more and more, even traditional foods are being prepared from processed flour and other ingredients that yield more calories and less healthy roughage. Nobody ever thought resisting the export of American diets would
7、 be easy. But the trend has turned out to be more insidious and more widespread than previously thought. Its very easy to blame globalization, or the big brands like Coca-Cola or McDonalds, says Derek Yach, executive director of the World Health Organizations disease prevention, nutrition, diet and
8、physical-fitness program. But the problem goes much, much deeper.法国日益增长的肥胖问题突出的饮食习惯的美国化如何必然就成了。问题是，即使在发展中国家，那里的美式快餐产品，如麦当劳的汉堡包和可口可乐的口味早已被时尚更加尖锐。城市化是导致在很多地方更多久坐的生活方式。而且越来越多，正在从加工面粉和能产生更多的热量，少粗粮健康等食材烹制甚至传统食品。从来没有人想到要反抗美国饮食的出口会很容易。但趋势已被证明是更隐蔽，比以前认为的更加普遍。“这是很容易归咎于全球化，还是大品牌像可口可乐或麦当劳，”德雷克亚希，世界卫生组织的疾病预防的执行
9、董事，营养，饮食和身体的健身计划说。“但问题更进了，更深刻。”Diet and exercise habits may be complex, but the basic recipe for health problems is simple: a rise in caloric intake and a decline in calorie-burning activities. The number of overweight people in the United States doubled in the past 20 years to 60 percent, and Europ
10、e and Asia are catching up. In some developing countries, obesity is increasing faster than in America-the rate is three times higher in -Mexico and Egypt. Each year more new cases of diabetes arise in China and India than in all other countries combined.饮食和运动习惯可能是复杂的，但基本配方的健康问题很简单：在热量摄入的增加和燃烧卡路里的活动
11、下降。在美国超重的人数增加了一倍，在过去20年的60，而欧洲和亚洲正在赶上来。在一些发展中国家，肥胖增加比美国更快 - 率在-Mexico和埃及高出三倍。每年糖尿病更多的新病例发生在中国和印度比其他所有国家的总和。Where are all the extra calories coming from? One surprising source is the raw grains and other ingredients used for cooking traditional-formerly healthy-dishes. When crops are grown in big far
12、ms and processed en masse, much of their nutrient value is taken out, and their caloric density rises. Even the noodle, a staple of many traditional diets, is no longer as healthy as it once was. In China, for instance, home-cooked noodles used to be made from whole-grains, ground by hand. Now, hous
13、eholds use factory-made refined flour, from which the grain husks have been discarded along with nutrients like fiber and minerals. What remains are simple carbohydrates that the body more easily turns into fat.在哪里都是多余的热量来自何处？一个令人惊讶的来源是原料谷物和用于烹调传统的其他成分 - 以前健康 - 菜。当作物大农场种植和加工的集体，他们的大部分营养价值被取出来，和他们的“卡
14、路里密度”上升。即使是米线，许多传统饮食的主食，不再像以前那样健康。在中国，例如，使用自制的面条必须从全谷类，手工制作地。现在，家庭使用工厂制造的“精”面粉，从中谷壳已与像纤维和矿物质营养素一起丢弃。剩下的是简单的碳水化合物，人体更容易变成脂肪。Cooking oils have taken a similar turn for the worse. Back in the 1960s, Japanese and American researchers discovered an inexpensive way to extract oil from vegetables. Westerne
15、rs and developing countries alike adopted vegetable oils as a cheaper alternative to butter, healthy if used in moderation. The problem is, the oil is so cheap that in places like India its used to excess. Its not uncommon for Indian cooks to use vegetable oil for breakfast, lunch and supper, and to
16、 throw in an extra 10 or 20 grams to enhance a dishs flavor.食用油已经采取了更糟糕了类似的转变。早在20世纪60年代，日本和美国的研究人员发现一种廉价的方式从蔬菜中提取石油。西方人和发展中国家如果适量使用都采用植物油为黄油，健康更便宜的选择。问题是，石油是如此便宜，在印度等它到过量。它的情况并不少见印度厨师用植物油供应早餐，午餐和晚餐，并在额外的10或20克抛来提高菜的味道。Sugar is another culprit. Diets in some developing countries contain on average about 300 more calories a day than they did 20 years ago, according to Barry Popkin, professor of nutrition at the University of
