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1、Chapter 3 Literature,A Glimpse of Chinese Culture,本章教学的目的,1. 中国文学史的基本发展脉络; 2. 中国文学史上的一些名著和现代名 作家的基本知识; 3. 文学作品中脍炙人口诗句的英文翻译。,本章教学的重难点,1. 古典文学发展脉络 2. 古代四大名著 3. 20世纪伟大作家 4. “网络文学”利弊讨论,本章教学的时间安排,教师课堂讲解（60 minutes） A Brief Introduction (3 minutes) Classical Literature (47minutes) Great Writers of the 20t
2、h Century (10 minutes) 讨论 (10minues) 学生课件展示 (30minutes),课文讲解,1. A Brief Introduction 2. Classical Literature 3. Great Writers of the 20th Century,Brief introduction (3 minutes),Four main periods of Chinese literature development : Classical: prelate Qing Modern: 1840May 4th, 1919 Revolutionary: 1919
3、1949 Contemporary: 1949present,Classical Literature (47minutes),Definition,It refers to literary works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.,Characteristic,It is virtually an unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes.,Works,The Book of Songs (诗经) and Poetry of the South (楚辞)
4、 are regarded as the two peaks of Chinas earliest literary.,The Book of Songs诗经 (3 minutes),What is it ? Three sections:,Feng (folk ballads),Ya (dynastic hymns),Song (sacrificial songs),A collection of Chinas 305 oldest poems from the Early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period
5、; regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China.,Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: For our prince a good mate she. Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current. The modest, retir
6、ing, virtuous, young lady: Waking and sleeping, he sought her. He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;,On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ; On the left, on the
7、 right, we gather it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ; On the left, on the right, we cook and present it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With bells and drums let us show o
8、ur delight in her.,Poetry of the South 楚辞 (2 minutes),Poetry of the South is derived from the songs of the southern state of Chu during the Warring States Period. It pioneered romanticism in Chinese poetry. The verse of Poetry of the South are freeer than those of The Book of Songs. It is not fixed
9、to four characters per line, and the character of “xi” (兮) is often put in the middle or the end of some lines.,Qu Yuan and His Masterpieces,Qu Yuanthe earliest known famous Chinese poet Masterpieces:,Sorrow after Departure离骚,Ask Heaven天问,Nine Elegies九章,Nine Songs九歌,Appreciating famous lines,路漫漫其修远兮
10、， 吾将上下而求索。 The journey is long, Ill search up and down.,The Prose of the Pre-Qin Period (先秦子学) （5 minutes),The prose in the pre-Qin period includes historical prose (历史散文) and philosophical prose (诸子散文). Historical prose The Book of History 尚书 Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋 Zuos Commentary 左传 Intrigues
11、 of the Warring States 战国策 Discourses of the States 国语 Philosophical prose Lao Zi (Dao De Jing), Mo Zi, Mencius, Zhuang Zi,The Analects of Confucius,Han Dynasty Literature（minutes）,hanfu (汉赋) also called rhyme prose. It is a popular literary genre originating in the Han Dynasty. It emphasizes elabor
12、ation and description, and is the combination of poem and prose. It includes long essays (大赋) and short essays (小赋). Representative Hanfu On Faults of Qin 过秦论 Records of the Grand Historian史记,yuefu folk songs (汉乐府民歌) It features five-character lines and reflects the reality and life of lower-class w
13、orking people. Outstanding Yuefu Folk songs Southeast the Peacock Flies 孔雀东南飞 The Ballads of Mulan 木兰诗,The Ballads of Mulan and Southeast the Peacock Flies,Disney Pictures Mulan,Southeast the Peacock Flies,Appreciating famous lines,唧唧复唧唧； 木兰当户织。 不闻机杼声； 唯闻女叹息。 木兰诗,Alack, alas! alack, alas! She weaves
14、 and sees the shuttle pass. You cannot hear the shuttle, why? Its whir is drowned in her deep sigh.,天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。 (敕勒歌),Vast is the sky, boundless the wilds, grazing cattle are revealed as the grass bend dawn in the wind. The Chile Ballad,The Literature in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dyna
15、sties (3 minutes),A new genre The stories recording spirits and anecdotes (志人志怪小说) Outstanding works of this period The Peach Blossom Spring 桃花源记 The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons文心雕龙,The Tang Poems（10 minutes）,The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems全唐诗 The biggest-ever collection of Chinese
16、 poetry. The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages: Early Tang, High Tang, Mid Tang and late Tang,The Four Literary Eminences (初唐四杰),Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin Their poems, in a refined language, boast beautiful tonal patterns and rhyme schemes.,Li Bai and his poems,Li Bai, the “Celestial Poet (诗仙)”, has long been regarded the greatest romantic poet in Chinese lit
