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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 徐复观政治哲学研究 姓名：唐文 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：中国哲学 指导教师：邓辉 20080520 摘 要 徐复观游走于“学术与政治之间” ， “以传统主义卫道，以自由主义论政” ， 谋求现代新儒家政治哲学目的的实现。现代新儒家政治哲学的目的是：如何解决 传统儒家内在精神的现代化，简而言之，即是如何处理“内圣”与“外王”的关 系。 作为传统主义者，徐复观强烈反对抛弃传统价值资源，积极主张挖掘、吸收 儒家政治思想的价值资源，作为中国现代民主政治的价值基础，并同时弥补西方 现代民主政治价值理念的纰漏。 忧患意识是中国人文精神的原动力， 代表着中华民族在忧患之中 “启发精神
2、、 砥砺道德、创造文化”的真精神。徐复观从政治哲学的角度来阐明它的内涵 政治自觉意识、 政治责任意识、 奋发意识和远见意识。 他认为， 它由 “敬” 到 “彝” ， 由“彝”再到“礼” ，最终由孔子把外在的“礼”内化为“仁” ，实现了向具有普 遍价值的心性思想的转化。这种转化在现代政治哲学中得到广泛的赞同。上述表 明了“忧患意识”之所以能成为政治哲学原动力的原因之所在。 性善论是儒家心性之学的主流。它贯穿于整个儒家的政治伦理、内心修养、 及形而上学等领域。 徐复观以历史的方法对性善论进行了追思。 他以 “性与天命” 融合问题和“性善”确立问题的最终回答，确定了政治哲学的价值根源以性 善论为核心
3、的道德理性，并论证了心性之学本质上乃是一种形而上学。这种价值 根源延伸到政治领域自然而然地形成了德治民本思想。 作为自由主义者， 徐复观对中国君主专制制度进行了一系列批判， 视其为 “斫 丧民族生命，阻遏历史进化的总根源” 。他极力主张把西方现代民主政治的基本 观点、政治制度嫁接到中国现有的自由民主思想资源上来。 自由、 民主、 平等、 法治等观点是现代政治哲学必须探讨和诠释的核心观点， 徐复观参照这些观点去发掘蕴涵于传统儒家政治思想中的价值资源，如“自由精 神” 、 “平等理念” 、 “ 权原在民” ， 并以此与现代政治哲学的基本观点进行互释、 沟通和融合。由此，他导出以德治民本礼治为中心的
4、传统儒家政治思想是可以与 现代民主政治思想相涵容。 并且只有这样， 现代民主政治才既能在中国扎稳脚跟， 又能获得新的价值源泉。 关键词：徐复观；忧患意识；性善；德治民本；民主 Abstract Xu Fuguan who lingered “between academic and political“, “ defended traditional moral principles by the traditionalism” , “ discussed the politics by the liberalism” tried for the realization of the mode
5、rn Neo- Confucianism politics philosophy .The modern Neo- Confucianism politics philosophys goal is how to solve the modernization of traditional Confucians intrinsic spirit, that is to say, how to process the relations between “ in the Saint” and “ outside the king” . As the traditionist, Xu Fuguan
6、 intensely opposed to abandon the traditional value resources, positively advocated to excavate and absorb the inner value resources in the Confucians political thought as the value foundation of the Chinese modern democracy. At the same time, he wanted to make up careless mistakes of the value in t
7、he Western modern democracy. The consciousness of hardship is the driving force of Chinese humanistic spirit., it represents the genuine Chinese spirit which is how “ to inspire spirit, to exercise morality, to create culture” . Xu Fuguan believed that the sense of hardship varied from “ respect” to
8、 “ Yi” (彝), then from “ Yi” (彝) to “ ritual” , the external “ ritual” finally internalized by Confucius “ benevolence” . The sense of hardship had been realized to the transformation of the universal heart and nature. Therefore, Xu Fuguan discussed the meaning of the sense of hardship with emphasis
9、on the political life, and he also discussed the consciousness of politics, consciousness of political liability, consciousness of awareness and consciousness of foresight. In the traditional Confucianism s heart and nature, theory of original goodness of human nature takes the mainstream. It implem
10、ents in the entire Confucianism s domains such as, political ethics, the innermost feelings training, metaphysics. Xu Fuguan deliberately rethought the original goodness of human nature by the historical method. He thought that the question “ the nature and the destiny” was fused and “ original good
11、ness of human nature” was determined finally replied, which had established value root of the modern Neo- Confucianism politics philosophy that moral rationality has taken the original goodness of human nature. Thus, Xu Fuguans scholarship of heart and nature was essentially a kind of metaphysics. T
12、his kind of value root formed the thoughts about People foremost and the rules by morality when it extended to the political realm . As a liberalist, Xu Fuguan criticized the Chinese traditions political system, especially the absolute monarchy and he regarded it as “ the spall mourning nationality
13、life, baffles the historical evolution the total root” . He wanted to engraft the Western modern democracy viewpoint to the political system of Chinese existing freedom democratic idea. Freedom, democracy, equality and government by law are the core viewpoints which the Western politics philosophy s
14、hould discuss and annotate. Xu Fuguan excavated the implication in the traditional Confucians political thinking value resources like “ free spirit” , “ equal idea” , “ power original in people” according to these viewpoints, he wanted to explain and communicate with modern politics philosophy basic
15、 concept like freedom, democratic, carries on releases, the communications and the fusion mutually. From this, he thought the central traditional Confucians political thinking and the modern democracy thought could tolerant with each other, and only by this means, the modern democracy may live in th
16、e steady root in China, and may gain the new value root. Key words: Xu Fuguan; the consciousness of hardship; original goodness of human nature; People foremost and the rules by morality; democracy 湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文 被查阅和借阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编 入
