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1、The Past Participle as the Adverbial 过去分词作状语,1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing. 2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin. 3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).,written,writing,repaired,Fill in the blanks.,4. I want the doors of
2、my new house _ (paint) white. 5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his face. 6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,一、过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 例： Asked why he did it, the young man said it was his favo
3、rite. Influenced by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.,Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,When it is seen from the hill,1.过去分词做时间状语 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调过去分词所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示动作的时间关系。 例：,1. 过去分词作时间状语,二.过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。相当于状语
4、从句通常作如下几种状语：,2.过去分词作原因状语 相当于as，since，because等词引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句首,Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.,Greatly touched by the teachers words,As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.,Surprised at what happene
5、d,3.过去分词作条件状语 相当于if，unless等词引导的条件状语从句,If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Given more time,If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.,Heated to a high temperature,4.过去分词作让步状语 过去分词与though, although, even if, even though, 等词连用，相当于一个让步状语从句。,Though they had b
6、een warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.,Though warned of the storm,Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.,Even if invited,5.过去分词作方式、伴随状语,The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.,The teacher entered the classroom followe
7、d by a group of students.,The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.,The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.,过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时，相当于一个并列分句，没有相应的从句可替换,1. 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2. 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。 常见的有: lost (迷路
8、); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如： Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。,过去分词作状语时注意的问题:,一.过去分词有两大特点： 1. 表示被动的动作； 2. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此, 当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动。,二.连词+分词（短语） 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在 分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if ,though，
9、after, before, as, once, if, unless, though, as if, although, even if, even though等. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。 例如： While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。 （waiting 和saw 的主语相同）,此结构实际是状语从句的省略。当状从的主语和句子的主语保持一致，而且状从的谓语动词是被动时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be. Eg Generally speaki
10、ng, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. I wont attend his birthday party unless invited,三.注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词作状语，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 例如： _for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了
11、很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 _ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。,Used,Using,【例题】_, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，,He went out shutting the door behind hi
12、m. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.,注意: 用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构.,1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.,2. He r
13、ushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,1. _ black and blue, the lady couldnt move. A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten D. To beat,Exercises,2. _ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves. A. Hunting, hiding B. To hunt, to hide C. Hunted, hiding D. Hunted, to hide,3. The teacher wa
14、lked to the lab, _. A. followed by his students B. his students followed C. and followed by his students D. both A and B,4. When _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. A. heating and taking B. heated, and taking C. heating or taken D. heated or taken,5. The research is so designed that o
15、nce _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,6. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy. A. following; following B. followed; followed C. following; followed D. followed; following,1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.,Practice: Change the following clauses into Past Participles.,Given advice by the famous detective, the young lad
