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1、词性与词形变化,昂立智立方中学生VIP金桥中心 2014年04月18日,词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成10个大类。,1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三 7 冠词 article art. a 一个 8 介词 preposition prep. at 在. 9 连词 conjunction
2、conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。,名词(表示人或物名称的词),名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 。 专有名词：Beijing，China，the United States 普通名词：book，water（可数名词和不可数名词） 普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：gun 2）集体名词：family (以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：air 4）抽象名词：work (以上两类属于不可数名词),代词可以分为下列九类： 1. 人称代词：They are my school mates. 2. 物主代词：
3、Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代词：We should help each other. 5. 指示代词：Who are these people? 6. 疑问代词：What are you doing? 7.不定代词： Do you know anything about it? 8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9. 关系代词：She married Tony, who is a student too.,代词(
4、代替名词的词),形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词),形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。 1)性质形容词：hot，good，wonderful 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。 2) 叙述形容词： afraid，alone，asleep 只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。,形容词,1. I have a red apple. 2. The tall boy there is my brother. 3. Miss C
5、hen is very kind in class. 4. That hungry man ate much food. 5. That young lady comes from the USA.,副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子),说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now 地点副词: here, there 程度副词: very, quite, rather 方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well 频度副词: often , frequently
6、, always,动词,动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。 动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 1. We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) 2. We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) 3. I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) 4. She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词) 5. You neednt have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) 6. The door needs painti
7、ng. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词),数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。,一、基数词 基数词写法和读法 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first1st second2nd thirty-first31st 三、数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 2）分数表示法,冠词,冠词分为三类： 定冠词: the 不定冠词: a / an 零冠词: /,介词,按意义英语介词可分为： 1. 时间介词：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until 2. 地点介词：at, on, in, across, to, over
8、, between, inside 3. 其它介词：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to 英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词，动名词或句子构成介宾结构等。,连词,不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。 连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 1. 并列连词：and，but, or, nor, so, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and) then 2. 从属连词：when ,where, because, if , a
9、s,词形转换,形容词变副词 动词变名词 动词变形容词 名词变形容词,形容词变副词,1. 一般情况下直接加-ly quick-quickly real-really helpful-helpfully 2. 以y结尾的,先将y改成i,再加-ly happy-happily busy-busily 3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly。 true-truly terrible-terribly。 绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。 polite-politely, wide-widely,形容词变副词,4. 以ll结尾的词 只加-y
10、 full-fully 5. 以ic结尾的词 加-ally automatic-automatically 6. 副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来, loud (adj.) -aloud (adv.) 7. 部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，part-partly e.g.：It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。 注意：friendly；lovely；lively；lonely等词是形容词而非副词,动词变名词,1.在词尾加-er, -r, 双写加-er 或-or: A. play player, sing singer B. write writer, drive driv
11、er C. run runner, travel traveller D. visit visitor, invent inventor,2. 在词尾加-ing: build building, begin beginning swim swimming, skate skating mean meaning, cross crossing,3.在词尾加-ion 或去e加-ion: describe description produce production pollute pollution celebrate celebration educate education graduate
12、graduation B. instruct instruction invent invention attract attraction suggest suggestion,动词变名词,4. 在词尾加-ment 结尾 argue-argument advertise- advertisement govern government amuseamusement,动词变名词,5. 其他 know knowledge please pleasure practise practice die death succeed success weigh weight tour tourist pr
13、oduct produce enter entrance fly flight discover discovery fail failure behavebehavior enjoy joy mix mixture arrive arrival,动词变名词,Quiz: wait dance win feel say decide organize invite discuss agree develop ,waiter dancer winner feeling saying decision organization invitation discussion agreement deve
14、lopment,动词变形容词,1.词尾加-ful: thank thankful forget forgetful wonder wonderful,2. 词尾变y为-i,加-ed: worry worried satisfy satisfied 3.词尾加-able: enjoy - enjoyable suit suitable comfort - comfortable,动词变形容词,5.词尾加-ing: interest interesting surprise surprising excite exciting develop developing frighten frighte
15、ning relax relaxing,4.词尾加-d或e-d: please pleased excite excited surprise surprised frighten frightened relax relaxed interest interested,动词变形容词,6.词尾加-ive： attract-attractive act-active,7.其它： lose lost fool - foolish taste tasty educate - educational break - broken speak - spoken wake awake die - dead widen wide enable able sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,动词变形容词,Quiz: pollute crowd develop succeed fry interest- enjoy die ,polluted crowded developed/developing successfu
