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1、 一 、句子的标准1.一致性：一个好的句子，如果所包含的思想松散不一；表达不出完整的思想，则不具备一致性。Eg: 1) Born in a small village over fifty years ago, and later he became a scientist. He was born in a small village over fifty years ago, and later he became a scientist.2) The boy is too young.The boy is too young to take care of himself.3）Being
2、 a process of mentally interpreting written symbols, he likes reading very much.Reading is a process of mentally interpreting written symbols and he likes it very much.4) Although tired and exhausted, the work was finished on time.Although tired and exhausted, he finished the work on time.句子的一致性决定了句
3、子的意思是否完整，为了做到这一点，我们应该注意以下几点：(1) 不要中途改变句子主语Eg: Birds have a special protective device, the approach of cold weather can be sensed, they fly south , and we know that winter is coming.Birds have a special protective device, they can sense the approach of cold weather, so when they fly south, we know th
4、at winter is near.(2) 不要把完整的意思隔开Eg： Foreign goods have new features and designs. The same domestically produced goods havent got.Foreign goods have new features and designs which the same domestically produced goods havent got.Eg；In extensive reading, our main purpose is not to learn new structures
5、and vocabularies, but to understand as quickly and completely as possible the ideas being communicated. In extensive reading, our main purpose is not to learn new structures and vocabularies but to understand as quickly and completely as possible the ideas being communicated.Eg: People have been fas
6、cinated by the Bermuda Triangle for years. Because of the mysterious disappearance of many ships and planes in the area. People have been fascinated by the Bermuda Triangle for years because of the mysterious disappearance of many ships and planes in the area.Eg: We naturally assumed that they had a
7、rrived there. They left several hours ago. We naturally assumed that they had arrived there, for they left several hours ago.(3) 摆正集子中各部分之间的逻辑关系Eg：We were coming to see you, and it rained. We were coming to see you, but it rained.Eg: Although the surgeon had not watched the patient closely, she woul
8、d have died. If the surgeon had not watched the patient closely, she would have died.(4) 修饰成分需紧挨被修饰词Eg： The Tower of London is now a tourist attraction, in which so many people lost their lives. Eg： The Tower of London in which so many people lost their lives is now a tourist attraction.5)不要过多地堆积细节
9、Eg；As he was recalling that night, he reduced the altitude of the plane, and the steady sound of the motor seemed like music in his ears, because he knew that there was not a more dependable plane than his. Later he recalled that he reduced the altitude of the plane, the steady sound of the motor se
10、emed like music in his ears, because he knew that there was not a more dependable plane than his.2.连贯性句子的一致性是保证句子内容的统一，句子的连贯性则是强调句子各部分之间的和谐而且，不仅是内容上的和谐，同时包括用词的和谐。（1）保证结构的平行（平衡）; 用相同的语法结构表示几个思想上密切相关的内容。EG：I wrote to him, but my letter was not answered.I wrote to him, but he didnt answer my letter.l 名
11、词短语的平衡：My hometown has many libraries, museum and historical sites.l 形容词和副词的平行; He always speaks quickly and clearly. We thought he was charming, intelligent, and very capable.l 动词短语的平衡：He got up at sunrise and took a walk in the garden.l 介词短语的平衡性：A man is judged not only by what he says but also by
12、 what he does.l 非谓语动词短语的平衡：He likes to sing, to swim and to play table tennis.l 从句的平衡 ： The neighbors complained that we made too much noise and that we threw rubbish anywhere.l 练习：1） We are especially weak in listening and speaking English.2) I like group discussions better than (going to) lectures
13、.3) Her lectures are witty, interesting, and she plans them carefully. Carefully planned4) Our teacher asked us to close our books, to take out a pen and a piece of paper, and that we were to write a short composition. to write a short composition(2) 使用平行结构进行比较和对比Eg: He is a poet rather than philoso
14、pher. He is a poet rather than a philosopher.Eg: It is better than take. It is better than to take.(3) 保持代词指代内容的一致：1）避免含糊指代。Eg: She told my sister that she was wrong. My sister was told that she was wrong.2) 保持句子在人称和数、事态、语气和语态上的一致。Students who wish to take linguistics are asked to sign his name on a
15、 sheet of paper. Students who wish to take linguistics are asked to sign their names on a sheet of paper.3) 避免语态、语气和时态的任意转换。Eg: He went to relax himself when his work is finished. He went to relax himself when he had finished his work.3.简洁Eg: The school is very big in size.Eg: There was a man who st
16、anding there watching all this. A man stood there watching all this.Eg: In my opinion, I think it is certain that you will be recognized. I think you will certainly be recognized.4. 突出重点（1）使用从属结构：Eg: He saw an old man get on the bus, quickly standing up to offer her the seat. Seeing an old man get on
