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1、主谓一致,中考语法,主谓一致概述,主谓一致是指谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致即主语为单数，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词就用复数形式；意义一致即从含义上去处理主谓一致的关系，如主语形式上是单数，但其代表复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式；就近原则即谓语的单复数形式取决于靠近的主语。,考点分布,（1）语法一致 （2）意义一致 （3）就近原则,考点梳理,考点一 语法一致,句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如： China has a long history
2、. 中国有悠久的历史。 Many people are studying English now. 现在很多人都在学英语。 在日常学习中还有注意以下原则： 1. 当主语部分含有with, together with, as well as, besides, except , but, like (像)等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词取决于介词前的主语，称为“就远原则”。如： Everyone except Tom has been to the Great Wall. 除Tom外，每个人都去过长城。 John with his friends plays basketball every wee
3、kend. John和朋友每周都打篮球。,考点梳理,【考点精炼】,( ) 1. I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I with my parents _ at that time. A. was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopping ( ) 2. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A.
4、 is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes ( ) 3. Nobody except Tom and Mary _ in the Classroom. The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now. A. am B. is C. are D.was,A,A,B,考点梳理,2. 动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study . 听磁
5、带有助于英语学习。 What he said is not right. 他的话不对。,( ) 4. Playing too much computer games _ harmful to us. A. are B. is C. has D. be,【考点精炼 】,B,考点梳理,3. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing, each , every做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Lucy, so
6、meone is waiting for you at the gate . Lucy，有人在大门口等你。 Is everyone here? 人都到齐了吗？ Every one of the students is studying hard. 学生们都在努力学习。,( ) 5. What_ in your pocket? Nothing _ there. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, are D. are, is,【考点精炼】,A,考点梳理,4. neither of, either, each (one), every one, the other做主语时，谓
7、语动词用单数。如： Neither of them is right. 他们两个都是错的。 The other of the two comes from Australia. 他们中的另一个来自澳大利亚。,( ) 6. Which would you like, tea or coffee? _is OK, I dont mind. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. have,【考点精炼】,A,考点梳理,5. news（新闻），politics（政治），maths（数学），physics（物理）等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。 相反
8、，people，police等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如： Maths is my favorite subject 数学是我最喜欢的学科。,考点梳理,【演 练 】,( ) 7. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has D. have ( ) 8. The news _very interesting ! Tell me more! A. was B. are C. were D. is,A,D,考点梳理,6. 由
9、and，bothand 连接的两个名词做主语， 表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数。如： The painter and the writer have come to our school. 画家和作家都到了我们学校。（指两个人） 指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。如： The painter and writer has come to our school . 那个画家兼作家到了我们学校。（指一个人两重身份）,( ) 9. They said the eighth and the last lessons _ quite difficult. A. is B. was C. were
10、 D. are,【考点精炼 】,C,考点梳理,7. clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves等做主语时，谓语动词用复数； 但如果有量词“a kind of , a piece of , a pair of ” 等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来定。如： The shoes look nice. 这鞋看上去很漂亮。 The pair of shoes is very nice. 这双鞋很漂亮。,( ) 10. _ that pair of _ a little cheaper? A.Is; glass B. Are; glass C. Is; g
11、lasses D. Are; glasses,【考点精炼 】,C,考点梳理,考点二 意义一致原则,意义一致即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。 如： The Chinese are hard-working (中国人是勤劳的。) 8. 表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 如：Ten years has passed since we met last time. 自从上次见面，又过了十年。 10 kilometers is a long way to him. He is too tired.
12、 对他来说十公里太长，他太累了。,考点梳理,( ) 11. A quarter _ enough for me to walk to school. A. are B. is C. were D. has ( ) 12. What they have done _ useful to the people. A. are B. has C. is D. were,B,C,【考点精炼 】,考点梳理,9. the +形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house. 老人们在养老院被照顾得很好
13、。 The young arent allowed to get their ears pierced. 年轻人不应该穿耳孔。 10. the +姓的复数形式，表示一家人或者夫妇两个，谓语动词用复数。如： The Greens are going to Germany next week. 格林一家打算下周去德国。 11. 集体名词：family, class, team, group, enemy, police, population等表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。表示成员时，谓语动词用复数。如： Class One is a very good class. 一班是个好班。 Now C
14、lass One are having a basketball match. 一班的学生在进行篮球比赛。 The United States was founded in 1776. 美国是1776年成立的。,考点梳理,( ) 13. These police often _ children cross the street. A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping ( ) 14. Half of the class _ most of the work. Some of the work _ really difficult. A. have
15、done；are B. has done；are C. has done； is D. have done；is ( ) 15. The population of the world _ larger and larger. A. had grown B. will grow C. is growing D. is grown,A,D,【考点精炼 】,C,考点梳理,12. 名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该动词后面名词的数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： His is a new bike 他的是一辆新自行车。 Ours are old bikes 我们的是些旧自行车。,考点梳理,考点三-就近原则,13. neithernor , either or , not onlybut also , not but以及there be连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。如 Neither I nor she likes
