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1、题型三 完形填空,从近几年的中考题来看,完形填空题加大了对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查比例,另外还增加了情景句的考查,把同义、近义或比较难区分的词汇放到一定的语境中考查,这对考生来说无疑增加了难度。这就需要考生在解答问题时遵循以下原则:“先完其意,而后完其形”,也就是说先了解文章的大意,然后才能做题。具体解题技巧如下: 1.浏览全文,了解大意。 先快速浏览全文,了解文章大意。在做题过程中遇到生词、难句是在所难免的,不要着急,同学们可以通过上下文猜测,也可以暂时跳过,不必逐词逐句地精读,只求把握全文大意,围绕文章大意去做题、猜词和判断。,2.紧扣大意,搞定易题。 浏览全文,了
2、解大意后,就可以开始逐句阅读了。根据习惯用语、固定搭配,或根据后面的内容来决定前面的选项。特别是要善于发现和利用文章中没有设空的句子,从字里行间寻找隐藏信息,先做有把握的题,没有把握的可暂时跳过,做后面的,等有把握的做完了,再回头做“难”题,有时候也就不难了。 3.注重首尾,通篇考虑。 完形填空题所选短文一般无标题,首、尾句不设空。首句往往是段落的主题句,从中可以找到重要信息:背景知识、时间、地点、人物等。尾句往往是段落的灵魂,具有总结概括的意义。这些对于我们理解文章、做出正确判断是非常有益的。另外一些难题设空往往很巧妙,四个选项从语法角度或习惯搭配都可选。这样的题就既需要考虑语法正确,又要考
3、虑逻辑合理,这就要求通篇考虑,选出在文章特定情境中所需要的那个选项,不要针对一个空孤立地思考。,4.复读全文,确定答案。 做完所有的题以后,需把答案带入原文进行复读,看语意是否通顺、语法是否正确,从而消除疏漏。千万要注意:没有百分之百的把握,这一环节就不要再改动答案了。,典例(2018安徽) When the Spring Festival falls,red flowers bloom(盛开) on the windows of my home.Of course,there are not 1 flowers.But in the cold 2 ,these wonderful flowe
4、rs bring warmth to us.They are made of paper by my 3 ,who is now aged 70.With a few cuts,she 4 a piece of paper into a beautiful work of art.,When my grandma was young,she was considered clumsy(笨拙的) in the 5 .But on a cold winter night,she saw some beautiful red paper 6 on her new neighbors windows.
5、She was so interested in it and decided to 7 from her neighbor.Tons of paper was wasted,and her fingers were cut many times.But she 8 practicing.It took 10 years 9 my grandma could make paper art skillfully(娴熟地).The red flowers,blooming like burning fire,light up her world.Now,everyone in the villag
6、e 10 her. My grandmas story has shown me what it takes to realize ones dream.,1.A.nice B.real C.full D.sweet 2.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter 3.A.sister B.aunt C.mother D.grandma 4.A.changes B.spreads C.places D.burns 5.A.city B.town C.village D.block 6.A.art B.money C.walls D.books 7.A.buy B.s
7、teal C.learn D.borrow 8.A.ended up B.kept on C.put off D.thought about 9.A.before B.after C.while D.since 10.A.serves B.pardons C.respects D.warns,【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。年轻时,祖母被认为很笨拙,但在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母对邻居家窗户上的剪纸产生了兴趣并决定向邻居学习。祖母花费十年时间掌握了这门剪纸艺术,最终赢得了大家的认可和尊敬。这个故事告诉我们:实现梦想需要时间和毅力。 1.B 从“They are made of paper”以及下文对祖
8、母学习剪纸艺术的描述可知,“我”家窗户上的红花并不是真的鲜花。故选B项。 2.D 从空格前the cold以及上文的the Spring Festival等信息推知,这是一个冬天。故选D项。 3.D 从下面“who is now aged 70”以及下段中grandma等信息推知,这里说的是,这些红花是由“我”祖母用纸做的。故选D项。,4.A change“改变”;spread“传播”;place“放置”;burn“燃烧”。根据选项理解句意:经过几次剪切,她就把一张纸变成了一件美丽的艺术品。故选A项。 5.C 从本段最后一句中“everyone in the village”知,本句句意:当祖
9、母年轻时,她被认为是这个村子里最笨拙的人。故选C项。 6.A 从上下文提到的“剪纸艺术”可知,在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母看见了一个新的邻居的窗户上美丽的红纸艺术品。故选A项。 7.C 当看见邻居的艺术品时,祖母对其产生兴趣并决定向邻居学习。故选C项。,8.B end up“结束”;keep on“保持继续”;put off“拖延,推迟”;think about“考虑”。根据语境和选项理解句意:祖母为了掌握这门剪纸艺术,她用掉了几吨纸,且手指被扎了很多次。尽管这样,她仍然继续练习。故选B项。 9.A 句意:在十年后,祖母才能娴熟地掌握这门剪纸艺术。也就是说,在祖母掌握这门艺术之前,她花了十年时间。故
10、选A项。 10.C 因为祖母的努力和勤奋,她掌握了这门剪纸艺术,现在村子里每个人都尊敬她。故选C项。,素养训练提高,【1】 (2018安徽) As a foreigner,its hard for me to tell what Chinese people are like.But my 1 in Beijing said something. A couple of weeks ago,I went to buy four big suitcases(行李箱) for travel. 2 I was going down the street,it suddenly rained heav
11、ily.A stranger called me into his little shop.He 3 me a cup of tea and a chair.When the rain got 4 ,I thanked him and rushed to a 5 nearby to buy my suitcases.,If youve ever tried to push four big suitcases by yourself,you may understand my 6 .I looked silly,for the suitcases were dancing wildly acr
12、oss the floor.Then I got a 7 on the shoulder.It was the seller.He signed that I should wait.A few minutes later,he 8 in a car,and put the suitcases inside.Then we went driving 9 along the road to my home.I offered him some money,but he 10 .In broken English he said,“Feel good.help you.” Now,you can
13、see Chinese people are always ready to help you.,1.A.friend B.teacher C.invention D.experience 2.A.If B.As C.Although D.Because 3.A.found B.bought C.made D.offered 4.A.harder B.lighter C.thicker D.faster 5.A.store B.hall C.lab D.school 6.A.language B.sentence C.situation D.advantage 7.A.wing B.coin
14、C.scarf D.touch 8.A.lay down B.drove up C.fell behind D.went away 9.A.happily B.lazily C.bravely D.poorly 10.A.missed B.nodded C.refused D.failed,【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。”我”是一个外国人,一次,“我”想去北京某商场买四个旅行箱,不巧的是,在路上遇到了大雨。一位素不相识的人邀请我进屋躲雨并用茶水招待我。当“我”在商店一次拿不了四个旅行箱时,店老板却无偿的用车送我回到住处。原来,中国人时刻都在准备着帮助别人。 1.D 从下文“我”在北京购物的经历
15、可知选D项。 2.B 句意:当我沿街道走时,天突然下起了大雨。故选B项。 3.D 这个陌生人将“我”叫进他的店并提供给“我”茶和椅子。故选D项。 4.B 当雨变小的时候,“我”感谢了他。故选B项。 5.A 从上下文语境可知,“我”外出目的是想去商店买四个旅行箱。故选A项。 6.C 句意:如果你有过曾经试图独自推动四个旅行箱的经历的话,你或许就知道我现在的处境了(意思是“我”一次拿不了这四个旅行箱)。故选C项。,7.D 从下文这个店老板用车帮助“我”的信息可知,此时,“我”的肩膀被人触碰了一下(店主触碰“我”,是想告诉“我”,他会用车帮助“我”)。故选D项。 8.B lie down躺下;dri
16、ve up开车过来;fall behind落在后面;go away离开。从下文这位店主用车送“我”回住处的信息可知,此时这位店主开车过来了。故选B项。 9.A 在乘车回住处的路上,我们一路都很高兴。故选A项。 10.C 从下文“Feel good.help you.”可知,这位店主拒绝了“我”给他的钱。故选C项。,【2】 (2018广东广州) Before graduating college,Jackie began to look for a job.She aimed at a famous company,but the 1 for such jobs was very strong.The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person,but more than twenty people applied for the job. 2 ,Jackie was one of the three people invited for the final interview.The intervi
