中考英语复习资料:数词、冠词考点集汇、讲解和训练试题

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1、中考英语复习资料:数词、冠词考点集汇、讲解和训练中考英语复习资料:数词、冠词考点集汇、讲解和训练试题 【考点直击】 1.不定冠词 a 与 an 的用法 2.定冠词 the 的用法 3.“零“冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 【名师点睛】 一. 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。 冠词 有两种。 A(an)叫不定冠词,the 叫定冠词。A 用在辅音之前,an 用在元 音之前。 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) a 和 an 均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: John is a student. Mary is an English teacher.

2、 (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如: A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示“每一”的意思,相当于 every。例如: Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 2. 定冠词用法 (1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)

3、事物。例如: The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如: Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如: Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如: The sun rises in the east a

4、nd sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如: the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in

5、the open air 等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。 例如: the Browns, the whites 等。 3. 不用冠词的情况 (1) 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如: China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love 等。 (2) 名词前已有作定语用的 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代词时,不用冠词。例如: That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down t

6、his street. (3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。 They are workers. We are students. (4) 称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。 例如: I dont feel well today, Mother. Bush was made president of the U.S. (5) 三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠 词。例如: I have lunch at home. He often plays football after class. We have English and maths ever

7、y day. (6) 在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如: By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。 二. 数词的用法 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。 1. 基数词的用法 (1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、 宾语、 定语、 表语、 同位语,例如 Thirty of them are Party members.(主语) - How many would you like? - Three ,please(作宾语) The nine

8、 boys are from Tianjin.(定语) Six plus four is ten.(表语) We four will go with you.(同位语) (2) 表示一个具体数字时,hundred, thousand, million 一律不用 复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如: Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. There are three thousand students in our school. After the war, thousands of people became h

9、omeless. Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world. They arrived in twos and threes (3) 表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年 代,例如: He is in his early thirties He died still in his forties This took place in 1930s (4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如: We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight.

10、 表示“几点过几分”,用介词 past,但须在半小时以内。例 如: ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve 表示“几点差几分”用介词 to, 但分数须在半小时以上。 例 如: twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如: seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty 2. 序数词的用法 (1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如: The first truck is carrying a foot

11、 baskets John lives on the fifteenth floor (2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又 一”这样的意思,例如: Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time? When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speak (3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应 特别注意。它们是:one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth,

12、twelve-twelfth。 (4)表示年,月,日时, 年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。 例如: 1949 年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty 2004 年九月十日读作:September (the) tenth, two thousand and four (5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分 子大于 1 时,分母加-s。例如: three fourths, one second, two fifths (6)序数词有时用缩写形式: first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th twen

13、ty-second22nd 【实例解析】 1. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题) About _ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 答案:A。 该题考查的是分数的表示法。 分子用基数词表示,分 母用序数词表示。分子大于 1 时,分母应加-s,因此应选 A。 2. (2004 年河北省中考试题) Nine _ pounds a week? Thats very good. A. hundre

14、d of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. hundred 答案:D。 该题考查的是数词的用法。 Nine hundred 是一个具体 的数量,这是数词不能用复数形式,后面也不能加 of。 所以应选 D。 3. (2004 年北京市海淀区中考试题) We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 答案:D。 该题考查的是冠词的用法。 球类运动之前不加冠词, 因此应选 D。 4. (2004 年江西省中考试题) This is _ son

15、g Ive told you about. Isnt it _ beautiful one? A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 答案:C。 该题考查的是冠词的用法。 第一个空是特指,特指我 给你说过的那首歌,第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。 【中考演练】 一. .单项填空 1. This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught _ bad c

16、old and had to stay in _. A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 3. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D./ 6. Did you enjoy

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